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Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Aims: Low blood pressure (BP) has been shown to be associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. This study was designed to evaluate the relationships between diagnosed hypertension and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and all-cause death in chronic heart failure...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102816 |
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author | Huang, Hao Deng, Yu Cheng, Sijing Zhang, Nixiao Cai, Minsi Niu, Hongxia Chen, Xuhua Gu, Min Liu, Xi Yu, Yu Hua, Wei |
author_facet | Huang, Hao Deng, Yu Cheng, Sijing Zhang, Nixiao Cai, Minsi Niu, Hongxia Chen, Xuhua Gu, Min Liu, Xi Yu, Yu Hua, Wei |
author_sort | Huang, Hao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aims: Low blood pressure (BP) has been shown to be associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. This study was designed to evaluate the relationships between diagnosed hypertension and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and all-cause death in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), including those with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) and indication for ICD secondary prevention. We hypothesized that a stable hypertension status, along with an increasing BP level, is associated with a reduction in the risk of VA in this population, thereby limiting ICD efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 964 CHF patients, with hypertension diagnosis and hospitalized BP measurements obtained before ICD implantation. The primary outcome measure was defined as the composite of SCD, appropriate ICD therapy, and sustained VT. The secondary endpoint was time to death or heart transplantation (HTx). We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and entropy balancing to calculate weights to control for baseline imbalances with or without hypertension. The Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model was used to confirm the results. The effect of random BP measurements on the primary outcome was illustrated in the Cox model with inverse probability weighting. Results: The 964 patients had a mean (SD) age of 58.9 (13.1) years; 762 (79.0%) were men. During the interrogation follow-up [median 2.81 years (interquartile range: 1.32–5.27 years)], 380 patients (39.4%) reached the primary outcome. A total of 244 (45.2%) VA events in non-hypertension patients and 136 (32.1%) in hypertension patients were observed. A total of 202 (21.0%) patients died, and 31 (3.2%) patients underwent heart transplantation (incidence 5.89 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.16–6.70 per 100 person-years) during a median survival follow-up of 4.5 (IQR 2.8–6.8) years. A lower cumulative incidence of VA events was observed in hypertension patients in the initial unadjusted Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53–0.80]. The protective effect was robust after entropy balancing (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.89) and counting death as a competing risk (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–1.00). Hypertension diagnosis did not associate with all-cause mortality in this population. Random systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with VA outcomes (p = 0.065). Conclusions: In hospitalized chronic heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the hypertension status and higher systolic blood pressure measurements are independently associated with a lower risk of combined endpoints of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death but not with all-cause mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the protective effect of hypertension on ventricular arrhythmia in chronic heart failure patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9146543 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91465432022-05-29 Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Huang, Hao Deng, Yu Cheng, Sijing Zhang, Nixiao Cai, Minsi Niu, Hongxia Chen, Xuhua Gu, Min Liu, Xi Yu, Yu Hua, Wei J Clin Med Article Aims: Low blood pressure (BP) has been shown to be associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. This study was designed to evaluate the relationships between diagnosed hypertension and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and all-cause death in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), including those with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) and indication for ICD secondary prevention. We hypothesized that a stable hypertension status, along with an increasing BP level, is associated with a reduction in the risk of VA in this population, thereby limiting ICD efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 964 CHF patients, with hypertension diagnosis and hospitalized BP measurements obtained before ICD implantation. The primary outcome measure was defined as the composite of SCD, appropriate ICD therapy, and sustained VT. The secondary endpoint was time to death or heart transplantation (HTx). We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and entropy balancing to calculate weights to control for baseline imbalances with or without hypertension. The Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model was used to confirm the results. The effect of random BP measurements on the primary outcome was illustrated in the Cox model with inverse probability weighting. Results: The 964 patients had a mean (SD) age of 58.9 (13.1) years; 762 (79.0%) were men. During the interrogation follow-up [median 2.81 years (interquartile range: 1.32–5.27 years)], 380 patients (39.4%) reached the primary outcome. A total of 244 (45.2%) VA events in non-hypertension patients and 136 (32.1%) in hypertension patients were observed. A total of 202 (21.0%) patients died, and 31 (3.2%) patients underwent heart transplantation (incidence 5.89 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.16–6.70 per 100 person-years) during a median survival follow-up of 4.5 (IQR 2.8–6.8) years. A lower cumulative incidence of VA events was observed in hypertension patients in the initial unadjusted Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53–0.80]. The protective effect was robust after entropy balancing (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.89) and counting death as a competing risk (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–1.00). Hypertension diagnosis did not associate with all-cause mortality in this population. Random systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with VA outcomes (p = 0.065). Conclusions: In hospitalized chronic heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the hypertension status and higher systolic blood pressure measurements are independently associated with a lower risk of combined endpoints of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death but not with all-cause mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the protective effect of hypertension on ventricular arrhythmia in chronic heart failure patients. MDPI 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9146543/ /pubmed/35628944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102816 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Hao Deng, Yu Cheng, Sijing Zhang, Nixiao Cai, Minsi Niu, Hongxia Chen, Xuhua Gu, Min Liu, Xi Yu, Yu Hua, Wei Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title | Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title_full | Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title_fullStr | Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title_full_unstemmed | Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title_short | Comorbid Hypertension Reduces the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
title_sort | comorbid hypertension reduces the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in chronic heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102816 |
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