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Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects

Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via gluc...

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Autores principales: Sibiak, Rafal, Ozegowska, Katarzyna, Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa, Gutaj, Pawel, Mozdziak, Paul, Kempisty, Bartosz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102025
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author Sibiak, Rafal
Ozegowska, Katarzyna
Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa
Gutaj, Pawel
Mozdziak, Paul
Kempisty, Bartosz
author_facet Sibiak, Rafal
Ozegowska, Katarzyna
Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa
Gutaj, Pawel
Mozdziak, Paul
Kempisty, Bartosz
author_sort Sibiak, Rafal
collection PubMed
description Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT’s mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT’s density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs’ placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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spelling pubmed-91465752022-05-29 Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects Sibiak, Rafal Ozegowska, Katarzyna Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa Gutaj, Pawel Mozdziak, Paul Kempisty, Bartosz Nutrients Review Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT’s mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT’s density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs’ placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. MDPI 2022-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9146575/ /pubmed/35631166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102025 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sibiak, Rafal
Ozegowska, Katarzyna
Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa
Gutaj, Pawel
Mozdziak, Paul
Kempisty, Bartosz
Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title_full Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title_fullStr Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title_full_unstemmed Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title_short Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
title_sort fetomaternal expression of glucose transporters (gluts)—biochemical, cellular and clinical aspects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102025
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