Polymorphic Phase Transformations in Nanocrystalline Ag(2)S Silver Sulfide in a Wide Temperature Interval and Influence of Nanostructured Ag(2)S on the Interface Formation in Ag(2)S/ZnS Heteronanostructure

Phase transformations that take place in nanocrystalline Ag(2)S silver sulfide have been systematically studied at temperatures from 298 to 893 K. The crystal structures of the polymorphic modifications α-Ag(2)S, β-Ag(2)S, and γ-Ag(2)S of nanocrystalline Ag(2)S have been found. It is established that the interstitial spacings between ions of silver in the superionic phases β-Ag(2)S and γ-Ag(2)S are noticeably smaller than diameter of the Ag(+) ion. As a result of which, the probabilities of filling the sites of the metal sublattices of these phases with Ag atoms are very small. It was found that the “α-Ag(2)S—β-Ag(2)S” and “β-Ag(2)S—γ-Ag(2)S” transitions between polymorphic modifications of silver sulfide occur as phase transformations of the first order at temperatures of ~440–442 K and ~850–860 K. The structure of interface forming by nanostructured Ag(2)S and ZnS is considered, taking into account the anisotropy of elastic properties of these sulfides. It is established that a large amount of cubic zinc sulfide stabilizes the cubic structure of β-Ag(2)S argentite at 300 K during the co-deposition of Ag(2)S/ZnS heteronanostructures from colloid solutions. It is found that placing Ag atoms at four crystallographic positions located in one plane of the unit cell of cubic β-Ag(2)S argentite is most favorable for the appearance of Ag(2)S/ZnS heterostructures. The smallest strain distortions at the interface are observed at the minimum difference of shear moduli of the components forming heteronanostructure. The distributions of elastic characteristics, including the shear moduli of monocrystalline particles of cubic β-Ag(2)S argentite and ZnS sphalerite from the [hkl] direction, are found. The formation of Ag(2)S/ZnS heteronanostructures, in which the interface is formed by the (hk0) ≡ (110) plane of ZnS sphalerite and the (hk 0.4123) ≡ (1 1 0.4123) plane of β-Ag(2)S argentite, is the most energetically favorable.