Cargando…

Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly adaptive human pathogen responsible for serious hospital- and community-acquired infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections, to complicated and life-threatening conditions such as endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The rapid developm...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Buru, Ayuba Sunday, Neela, Vasantha Kumari, Mohandas, Kavitha, Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103249
_version_ 1784716820680278016
author Buru, Ayuba Sunday
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
Mohandas, Kavitha
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
author_facet Buru, Ayuba Sunday
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
Mohandas, Kavitha
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
author_sort Buru, Ayuba Sunday
collection PubMed
description Staphylococcus aureus is a highly adaptive human pathogen responsible for serious hospital- and community-acquired infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections, to complicated and life-threatening conditions such as endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The rapid development of resistance of this organism to available antibiotics over the last few decades has necessitated a constant search for more efficacious antibacterial agents. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) belongs to the class of chemical compounds called phenylpropanoids. It is a pure-to-pale yellow, oily liquid substance, mostly extracted as an essential oil from natural products such as clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, basil, and bay leaf. Eugenol has previously been shown to have antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the mechanism of action of eugenol against MRSA has not, as yet, been elucidated; hence, the necessity of this study. Global gene expression patterns in response to challenge from subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol were analysed using the Agilent DNA microarray system to identify genes that can be used as drug targets—most importantly, essential genes involved in unique metabolic pathways elicited for bacterial survival. Transcriptomic analysis of fluctuating genes revealed those involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, translational, and ribosomal pathways. In amino acid metabolism, for instance, the argC gene encodes for N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase. The argC gene plays an important role in the biosynthesis of arginine from glutamate in the amino acid metabolic pathway. It is the enzyme that catalyses the third step in the latter reaction, and without this process the production of N-acetylglutamate 5-semialdehyde cannot be completed from the NADP-dependent reduction of N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate, which is essential for the survival of some microorganisms and plants. This study enables us to examine complete global transcriptomic responses in MRSA when challenged with eugenol. It reveals novel information with the potential to further benefit the exploratory quest for novel targets against this pathogen, with a view to the development of efficacious antimicrobial agents for the treatment of associated infections.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9147492
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91474922022-05-29 Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Buru, Ayuba Sunday Neela, Vasantha Kumari Mohandas, Kavitha Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Molecules Article Staphylococcus aureus is a highly adaptive human pathogen responsible for serious hospital- and community-acquired infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections, to complicated and life-threatening conditions such as endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The rapid development of resistance of this organism to available antibiotics over the last few decades has necessitated a constant search for more efficacious antibacterial agents. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) belongs to the class of chemical compounds called phenylpropanoids. It is a pure-to-pale yellow, oily liquid substance, mostly extracted as an essential oil from natural products such as clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, basil, and bay leaf. Eugenol has previously been shown to have antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the mechanism of action of eugenol against MRSA has not, as yet, been elucidated; hence, the necessity of this study. Global gene expression patterns in response to challenge from subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol were analysed using the Agilent DNA microarray system to identify genes that can be used as drug targets—most importantly, essential genes involved in unique metabolic pathways elicited for bacterial survival. Transcriptomic analysis of fluctuating genes revealed those involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, translational, and ribosomal pathways. In amino acid metabolism, for instance, the argC gene encodes for N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase. The argC gene plays an important role in the biosynthesis of arginine from glutamate in the amino acid metabolic pathway. It is the enzyme that catalyses the third step in the latter reaction, and without this process the production of N-acetylglutamate 5-semialdehyde cannot be completed from the NADP-dependent reduction of N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate, which is essential for the survival of some microorganisms and plants. This study enables us to examine complete global transcriptomic responses in MRSA when challenged with eugenol. It reveals novel information with the potential to further benefit the exploratory quest for novel targets against this pathogen, with a view to the development of efficacious antimicrobial agents for the treatment of associated infections. MDPI 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9147492/ /pubmed/35630724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103249 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Buru, Ayuba Sunday
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
Mohandas, Kavitha
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_full Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_short Microarray Analysis of the Genomic Effect of Eugenol on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort microarray analysis of the genomic effect of eugenol on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103249
work_keys_str_mv AT buruayubasunday microarrayanalysisofthegenomiceffectofeugenolonmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT neelavasanthakumari microarrayanalysisofthegenomiceffectofeugenolonmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT mohandaskavitha microarrayanalysisofthegenomiceffectofeugenolonmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus
AT pichikamallikarjunarao microarrayanalysisofthegenomiceffectofeugenolonmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus