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Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event

Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a sc...

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Autores principales: Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles, Calle-Pérez, Germán, Gutiérrez-Barrios, Alejandro, Gheorghe, Livia, Solano-Mulero, Ana María, Trujillo-Garrido, Nuria, Rodríguez-Martín, Amelia, Tur, Josep A., Vázquez-García, Rafael, Santi-Cano, María José
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102773
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author Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles
Calle-Pérez, Germán
Gutiérrez-Barrios, Alejandro
Gheorghe, Livia
Solano-Mulero, Ana María
Trujillo-Garrido, Nuria
Rodríguez-Martín, Amelia
Tur, Josep A.
Vázquez-García, Rafael
Santi-Cano, María José
author_facet Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles
Calle-Pérez, Germán
Gutiérrez-Barrios, Alejandro
Gheorghe, Livia
Solano-Mulero, Ana María
Trujillo-Garrido, Nuria
Rodríguez-Martín, Amelia
Tur, Josep A.
Vázquez-García, Rafael
Santi-Cano, María José
author_sort Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles
collection PubMed
description Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge. Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review. (B) Review by experts. (C) Pilot test–retest. (D) Psychometric validation of the final version of the questionnaire with 24 items. A panel of experts performed the content validity. The reliability of the scale was measured using Cronbach’s alpha score and criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the total scores for knowledge obtained by the participants among the three education level groups. The construct and dimensional structure validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: A total of 143 people participated, 30 in the pilot study and 113 (68% male, 60.2 ± 9 years) in the psychometric validation of version 3 of the scale. A Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.887 was reached for this version. The factor analysis showed that the items were distributed into five factors that explained 57% of the variance. Significant differences were observed in the level of knowledge among the patients of the three levels of education (low, moderate and high) (99.20 ± 11.93, 105.92 ± 7.85, 109.78 ± 8.76 points, p = 0.003), as there was a negative correlation between age and knowledge level (r = −0.213, p = 0.024). Conclusions: The scale presents psychometric properties that are evidence of its reliability and validity. The relationship demonstrated between the level of knowledge and age, sex and level of education shows the importance of emphasizing educational interventions for elderly people and those with a lower level of education.
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spelling pubmed-91475432022-05-29 Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles Calle-Pérez, Germán Gutiérrez-Barrios, Alejandro Gheorghe, Livia Solano-Mulero, Ana María Trujillo-Garrido, Nuria Rodríguez-Martín, Amelia Tur, Josep A. Vázquez-García, Rafael Santi-Cano, María José J Clin Med Article Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge. Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review. (B) Review by experts. (C) Pilot test–retest. (D) Psychometric validation of the final version of the questionnaire with 24 items. A panel of experts performed the content validity. The reliability of the scale was measured using Cronbach’s alpha score and criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the total scores for knowledge obtained by the participants among the three education level groups. The construct and dimensional structure validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: A total of 143 people participated, 30 in the pilot study and 113 (68% male, 60.2 ± 9 years) in the psychometric validation of version 3 of the scale. A Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.887 was reached for this version. The factor analysis showed that the items were distributed into five factors that explained 57% of the variance. Significant differences were observed in the level of knowledge among the patients of the three levels of education (low, moderate and high) (99.20 ± 11.93, 105.92 ± 7.85, 109.78 ± 8.76 points, p = 0.003), as there was a negative correlation between age and knowledge level (r = −0.213, p = 0.024). Conclusions: The scale presents psychometric properties that are evidence of its reliability and validity. The relationship demonstrated between the level of knowledge and age, sex and level of education shows the importance of emphasizing educational interventions for elderly people and those with a lower level of education. MDPI 2022-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9147543/ /pubmed/35628900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102773 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bernal-Jiménez, María Ángeles
Calle-Pérez, Germán
Gutiérrez-Barrios, Alejandro
Gheorghe, Livia
Solano-Mulero, Ana María
Trujillo-Garrido, Nuria
Rodríguez-Martín, Amelia
Tur, Josep A.
Vázquez-García, Rafael
Santi-Cano, María José
Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title_full Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title_fullStr Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title_full_unstemmed Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title_short Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
title_sort design and validation of a scale of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle after coronary event
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102773
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