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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview

Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has primarily been affected with symptoms ranging from mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, other organs or systems have...

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Autores principales: Scotto, Gaetano, Fazio, Vincenzina, Lo Muzio, Eleonora, Lo Muzio, Lorenzo, Spirito, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050690
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author Scotto, Gaetano
Fazio, Vincenzina
Lo Muzio, Eleonora
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
Spirito, Francesca
author_facet Scotto, Gaetano
Fazio, Vincenzina
Lo Muzio, Eleonora
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
Spirito, Francesca
author_sort Scotto, Gaetano
collection PubMed
description Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has primarily been affected with symptoms ranging from mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, other organs or systems have also been targets of the virus. The mouth represents an important route of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Cells in the oral epithelium, taste buds, and minor and major salivary glands express cellular entry factors for the virus, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin. This leads to symptoms such as deterioration of taste, salivary dysfunction, mucosal ulcers, before systemic manifestation of the disease. In this review we report and discuss the prevalence and socio-demographics of taste disturbances in COVID-19 patients, analysing the current international data. Importantly, we also take stock of the various hypothesized pathogenetic mechanisms and their impact on the reported symptoms. The literature indicated that COVID-19 patients frequently present with gustatory dysfunction, whose prevalence varies by country, age and sex. Furthermore, this dysfunction also has a variable duration in relation to the severity of the disease. The pathogenetic action is intricately linked to viral action which can be expressed in several ways. However, in many cases these are only hypotheses that need further confirmation.
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spelling pubmed-91477112022-05-29 SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview Scotto, Gaetano Fazio, Vincenzina Lo Muzio, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Lorenzo Spirito, Francesca Life (Basel) Review Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has primarily been affected with symptoms ranging from mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, other organs or systems have also been targets of the virus. The mouth represents an important route of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Cells in the oral epithelium, taste buds, and minor and major salivary glands express cellular entry factors for the virus, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin. This leads to symptoms such as deterioration of taste, salivary dysfunction, mucosal ulcers, before systemic manifestation of the disease. In this review we report and discuss the prevalence and socio-demographics of taste disturbances in COVID-19 patients, analysing the current international data. Importantly, we also take stock of the various hypothesized pathogenetic mechanisms and their impact on the reported symptoms. The literature indicated that COVID-19 patients frequently present with gustatory dysfunction, whose prevalence varies by country, age and sex. Furthermore, this dysfunction also has a variable duration in relation to the severity of the disease. The pathogenetic action is intricately linked to viral action which can be expressed in several ways. However, in many cases these are only hypotheses that need further confirmation. MDPI 2022-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9147711/ /pubmed/35629357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050690 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Scotto, Gaetano
Fazio, Vincenzina
Lo Muzio, Eleonora
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
Spirito, Francesca
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title_full SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title_short SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection and taste alteration: an overview
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050690
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