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Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

Breastfeeding is key for infant development and growth. Breast milk contains different bioactive compounds including antibodies. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of breast milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after maternal infection and vaccination. However, the potential impact on the infant ha...

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Autores principales: Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim, Bueno-Llamoga, Pierre, Bäuerl, Christine, Cortés-Macias, Erika, Selma-Royo, Marta, Pérez-Cano, Francisco, Lerin, Carles, Martínez-Costa, Cecilia, Collado, Maria Carmen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147794/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631258
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102117
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author Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim
Bueno-Llamoga, Pierre
Bäuerl, Christine
Cortés-Macias, Erika
Selma-Royo, Marta
Pérez-Cano, Francisco
Lerin, Carles
Martínez-Costa, Cecilia
Collado, Maria Carmen
author_facet Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim
Bueno-Llamoga, Pierre
Bäuerl, Christine
Cortés-Macias, Erika
Selma-Royo, Marta
Pérez-Cano, Francisco
Lerin, Carles
Martínez-Costa, Cecilia
Collado, Maria Carmen
author_sort Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim
collection PubMed
description Breastfeeding is key for infant development and growth. Breast milk contains different bioactive compounds including antibodies. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of breast milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after maternal infection and vaccination. However, the potential impact on the infant has not been explored yet. As a first step, we aimed at assessing the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies from infected and vaccinated women in the gastrointestinal tract of the infants by means of an in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal digestion approach. Breast milk samples from 10 lactating women receiving mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (n = 5 with BNT162b2 mRNA and n = 5 with mRNA-1273) and also, COVID-19 infected (n = 5) were included. A control group with women with no exposure to the virus (n = 10 pre-pandemic) were also studied. The presence of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels was determined by ELISA after the gastric and intestinal stages. The impact of digested antibodies on infant gut microbiota was tested by simulating colonic fermentation with two different fecal inoculums: infants from vaccinated and non-vaccinated mothers. Specific gut microbial groups were tested by targeted qPCR. In vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion significantly decreased the levels of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. However, both remained resistant in all the study groups except in that evaluating breast milk samples from infected women, in which IgG was degraded below the cut-off values in the intestinal phase. No effect of the antibodies on microbiota were identified after digestion. In conclusion, antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 are reduced after in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal tract but remain present, so a positive biological effect could be expected from this infant immunization pathway.
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spelling pubmed-91477942022-05-29 Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim Bueno-Llamoga, Pierre Bäuerl, Christine Cortés-Macias, Erika Selma-Royo, Marta Pérez-Cano, Francisco Lerin, Carles Martínez-Costa, Cecilia Collado, Maria Carmen Nutrients Article Breastfeeding is key for infant development and growth. Breast milk contains different bioactive compounds including antibodies. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of breast milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after maternal infection and vaccination. However, the potential impact on the infant has not been explored yet. As a first step, we aimed at assessing the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies from infected and vaccinated women in the gastrointestinal tract of the infants by means of an in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal digestion approach. Breast milk samples from 10 lactating women receiving mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (n = 5 with BNT162b2 mRNA and n = 5 with mRNA-1273) and also, COVID-19 infected (n = 5) were included. A control group with women with no exposure to the virus (n = 10 pre-pandemic) were also studied. The presence of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels was determined by ELISA after the gastric and intestinal stages. The impact of digested antibodies on infant gut microbiota was tested by simulating colonic fermentation with two different fecal inoculums: infants from vaccinated and non-vaccinated mothers. Specific gut microbial groups were tested by targeted qPCR. In vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion significantly decreased the levels of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. However, both remained resistant in all the study groups except in that evaluating breast milk samples from infected women, in which IgG was degraded below the cut-off values in the intestinal phase. No effect of the antibodies on microbiota were identified after digestion. In conclusion, antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 are reduced after in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal tract but remain present, so a positive biological effect could be expected from this infant immunization pathway. MDPI 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9147794/ /pubmed/35631258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102117 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim
Bueno-Llamoga, Pierre
Bäuerl, Christine
Cortés-Macias, Erika
Selma-Royo, Marta
Pérez-Cano, Francisco
Lerin, Carles
Martínez-Costa, Cecilia
Collado, Maria Carmen
Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title_full Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title_fullStr Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title_full_unstemmed Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title_short Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from Infected and Vaccinated Women after In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
title_sort persistence of anti sars-cov-2 antibodies in breast milk from infected and vaccinated women after in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal digestion
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147794/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631258
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102117
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