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Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Background: One of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is failure in innate immune response and chronic inflammation. Lack of effective AD treatment means that more attention is paid to alternative therapy and drugs of natural origin, such as extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb). The p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102022 |
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author | Sochocka, Marta Ochnik, Michał Sobczyński, Maciej Gębura, Katarzyna Zambrowicz, Aleksandra Naporowski, Piotr Leszek, Jerzy |
author_facet | Sochocka, Marta Ochnik, Michał Sobczyński, Maciej Gębura, Katarzyna Zambrowicz, Aleksandra Naporowski, Piotr Leszek, Jerzy |
author_sort | Sochocka, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: One of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is failure in innate immune response and chronic inflammation. Lack of effective AD treatment means that more attention is paid to alternative therapy and drugs of natural origin, such as extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EGb on the mechanisms of innate immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in AD patients. Methods: In AD patients and healthy-age matched controls, the effect of EGb on two of innate immune reactions, i.e., PBLs resistance to viral infection ex vivo and production of cytokines, namely TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-15, and IFN-α, were investigated. The influence of EGb on inflammatory-associated genes expression that regulate innate immune response to viral infection and cytokine production, namely IRF-3, IRF-7, tetherin, SOCS1, SOCS3, NFKB1, p65, and MxA was also examined. Results: A beneficial effect of EGb especially in AD women was observed. EGb decreased production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 and increased IL-15 and IL-1β. The effect was more pronouncement in AD group. EGb also downregulated expression of investigated genes. Conclusions: EGb may have an advantageous properties for health management in elderly and AD sufferers but especially in women with AD. Improving peripheral innate immune cells’ activity by adding EGb as accompanying treatment in AD may be, in the long term, a good course to modify the disease progression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9147830 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91478302022-05-29 Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Sochocka, Marta Ochnik, Michał Sobczyński, Maciej Gębura, Katarzyna Zambrowicz, Aleksandra Naporowski, Piotr Leszek, Jerzy Nutrients Article Background: One of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is failure in innate immune response and chronic inflammation. Lack of effective AD treatment means that more attention is paid to alternative therapy and drugs of natural origin, such as extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EGb on the mechanisms of innate immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in AD patients. Methods: In AD patients and healthy-age matched controls, the effect of EGb on two of innate immune reactions, i.e., PBLs resistance to viral infection ex vivo and production of cytokines, namely TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-15, and IFN-α, were investigated. The influence of EGb on inflammatory-associated genes expression that regulate innate immune response to viral infection and cytokine production, namely IRF-3, IRF-7, tetherin, SOCS1, SOCS3, NFKB1, p65, and MxA was also examined. Results: A beneficial effect of EGb especially in AD women was observed. EGb decreased production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 and increased IL-15 and IL-1β. The effect was more pronouncement in AD group. EGb also downregulated expression of investigated genes. Conclusions: EGb may have an advantageous properties for health management in elderly and AD sufferers but especially in women with AD. Improving peripheral innate immune cells’ activity by adding EGb as accompanying treatment in AD may be, in the long term, a good course to modify the disease progression. MDPI 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9147830/ /pubmed/35631163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102022 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sochocka, Marta Ochnik, Michał Sobczyński, Maciej Gębura, Katarzyna Zambrowicz, Aleksandra Naporowski, Piotr Leszek, Jerzy Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title | Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title_full | Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title_fullStr | Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title_short | Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
title_sort | ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves an innate immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes of alzheimer’s disease patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102022 |
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