Cargando…

Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards

Although waterfowl are the primary reservoir for multiple subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), our understanding of population immunity in naturally infected waterfowl is poorly understood. Population immunity may be an important driver of seasonal subtype predominance in waterfowl populations and m...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Stallknecht, David E., Fojtik, Alinde, Carter, Deborah L., Crum-Bradley, Jo Anne, Perez, Daniel R., Poulson, Rebecca L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9148056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622742
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050214
_version_ 1784716959048269824
author Stallknecht, David E.
Fojtik, Alinde
Carter, Deborah L.
Crum-Bradley, Jo Anne
Perez, Daniel R.
Poulson, Rebecca L.
author_facet Stallknecht, David E.
Fojtik, Alinde
Carter, Deborah L.
Crum-Bradley, Jo Anne
Perez, Daniel R.
Poulson, Rebecca L.
author_sort Stallknecht, David E.
collection PubMed
description Although waterfowl are the primary reservoir for multiple subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), our understanding of population immunity in naturally infected waterfowl is poorly understood. Population immunity may be an important driver of seasonal subtype predominance in waterfowl populations and may affect the potential for establishment of introduced IAV such as the Eurasian-like A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage in these populations. Here, we examine the prevalence of naturally acquired antibodies to nucleoprotein (NP), hemagglutinin (H3, H4, H5), and neuraminidase (N1, N2, N6, N8) in early migrating mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled in Northwest Minnesota during staging and early fall migration in September 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Serologic results were compared to historic and contemporary virus isolation results from these same study sites. The prevalence of antibodies to NP ranged from 60.8–76.1% in hatch-year (HY) birds and from 86.0–92.7% in after-hatch-year (AHY, >1-year-old) mallards indicating a high level of previous infection with IAV early in the fall migration season. Neutralizing antibodies were detected against H3, H4, and H5 in all years as were antibodies to N1, N2, N6, and N8. A high proportion of NP seropositive ducks tested positive for antibodies to multiple HA and NA subtypes, and this was more common in the AHY age class. Antibody prevalence to the HA and NA subtypes included in this study were consistent with the predominance of H4N6 in these populations during all years and reflected a broadening of the antibody response with age. Additional work is needed to document the longevity of these immune responses, if and how they correlate with protection against IAV transmission, infection, and disease, and if, as detected in this study, they adequately describe the true extent of exposure to IAV or specific HA or NA subtypes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9148056
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91480562022-05-29 Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards Stallknecht, David E. Fojtik, Alinde Carter, Deborah L. Crum-Bradley, Jo Anne Perez, Daniel R. Poulson, Rebecca L. Vet Sci Article Although waterfowl are the primary reservoir for multiple subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), our understanding of population immunity in naturally infected waterfowl is poorly understood. Population immunity may be an important driver of seasonal subtype predominance in waterfowl populations and may affect the potential for establishment of introduced IAV such as the Eurasian-like A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage in these populations. Here, we examine the prevalence of naturally acquired antibodies to nucleoprotein (NP), hemagglutinin (H3, H4, H5), and neuraminidase (N1, N2, N6, N8) in early migrating mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled in Northwest Minnesota during staging and early fall migration in September 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Serologic results were compared to historic and contemporary virus isolation results from these same study sites. The prevalence of antibodies to NP ranged from 60.8–76.1% in hatch-year (HY) birds and from 86.0–92.7% in after-hatch-year (AHY, >1-year-old) mallards indicating a high level of previous infection with IAV early in the fall migration season. Neutralizing antibodies were detected against H3, H4, and H5 in all years as were antibodies to N1, N2, N6, and N8. A high proportion of NP seropositive ducks tested positive for antibodies to multiple HA and NA subtypes, and this was more common in the AHY age class. Antibody prevalence to the HA and NA subtypes included in this study were consistent with the predominance of H4N6 in these populations during all years and reflected a broadening of the antibody response with age. Additional work is needed to document the longevity of these immune responses, if and how they correlate with protection against IAV transmission, infection, and disease, and if, as detected in this study, they adequately describe the true extent of exposure to IAV or specific HA or NA subtypes. MDPI 2022-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9148056/ /pubmed/35622742 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050214 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Stallknecht, David E.
Fojtik, Alinde
Carter, Deborah L.
Crum-Bradley, Jo Anne
Perez, Daniel R.
Poulson, Rebecca L.
Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title_full Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title_fullStr Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title_full_unstemmed Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title_short Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
title_sort naturally acquired antibodies to influenza a virus in fall-migrating north american mallards
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9148056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622742
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050214
work_keys_str_mv AT stallknechtdavide naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards
AT fojtikalinde naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards
AT carterdeborahl naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards
AT crumbradleyjoanne naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards
AT perezdanielr naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards
AT poulsonrebeccal naturallyacquiredantibodiestoinfluenzaavirusinfallmigratingnorthamericanmallards