Discordant Keratoconus in Monozygotic Twins

We report a case of discordant keratoconus (KC) in a set of monozygotic twins with contrasting environmental risk factors. Twin one had bilateral, asymmetrical KC. He reported significant eye rubbing using his knuckles during his night-shift work as an emergency doctor. His usual sleeping position on the left side corresponded to the most affected eye. Twin two had normal corneas, with no evidence of KC. He reported mild infrequent eye rubbing, daytime work pattern, and a supine sleeping position. This case report highlights the influence of environmental and behavioural factors in the development of KC, in particular eye rubbing, night work, and sleeping position, in two individuals sharing identical genetic inheritance.