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Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea
BACKGROUND: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathwa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9149499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35618317 http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21278 |
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author | Ahmad, Saleem Koh, Kyeyoung Yoo, Daesung Suh, Gukhyun Lee, Jaeil Lee, Chang-Min |
author_facet | Ahmad, Saleem Koh, Kyeyoung Yoo, Daesung Suh, Gukhyun Lee, Jaeil Lee, Chang-Min |
author_sort | Ahmad, Saleem |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. OBJECTIVES: This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. METHODS: Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014–2016] and H5N6 [2016–2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. CONCLUSIONS: Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9149499 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | The Korean Society of Veterinary Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91494992022-06-01 Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea Ahmad, Saleem Koh, Kyeyoung Yoo, Daesung Suh, Gukhyun Lee, Jaeil Lee, Chang-Min J Vet Sci Original Article BACKGROUND: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. OBJECTIVES: This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. METHODS: Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014–2016] and H5N6 [2016–2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. CONCLUSIONS: Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings. The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2022-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9149499/ /pubmed/35618317 http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21278 Text en © 2022 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Ahmad, Saleem Koh, Kyeyoung Yoo, Daesung Suh, Gukhyun Lee, Jaeil Lee, Chang-Min Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title | Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title_full | Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title_fullStr | Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title_short | Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea |
title_sort | impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in south korea |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9149499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35618317 http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21278 |
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