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Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties

Biological materials that are created by growing mycelium-forming fungal microorganisms on natural fibers can form a solution to environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources. Recent studies on the hybridization of mycelium materials with glass improved fire performance; however, the eff...

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Autores principales: Elsacker, Elise, De Laet, Lars, Peeters, Eveline
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9149836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35645184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020057
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author Elsacker, Elise
De Laet, Lars
Peeters, Eveline
author_facet Elsacker, Elise
De Laet, Lars
Peeters, Eveline
author_sort Elsacker, Elise
collection PubMed
description Biological materials that are created by growing mycelium-forming fungal microorganisms on natural fibers can form a solution to environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources. Recent studies on the hybridization of mycelium materials with glass improved fire performance; however, the effect of inorganic particles on growth performance and mechanical properties was not previously investigated. Yet, due to the wide variety of reinforcement particles, mycelium nanocomposites can potentially be designed for specific functions and applications, such as fire resistance and mechanical improvement. The objectives of this paper are to first determine whether mycelium materials reinforced with montmorillonite nanoclay can be produced given its inorganic nature, and then to study the influence of these nanoparticles on material properties. Nanoclay–mycelium materials are evaluated in terms of morphological, chemical, and mechanical properties. The first steps are taken in unravelling challenges that exist in combining myco-fabrication with nanomaterials. Results indicate that nanoclay causes a decreased growth rate, although the clay particles are able to penetrate into the fibers’ cell-wall structure. The FTIR study demonstrates that T. versicolor has more difficulty accessing and decaying the hemicellulose and lignin when the amount of nanoclay increases. Moreover, the addition of nanoclay results in low mechanical properties. While nanoclay enhances the properties of polymer composites, the hybridization with mycelium composites was not successful.
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spelling pubmed-91498362022-05-31 Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties Elsacker, Elise De Laet, Lars Peeters, Eveline Biomimetics (Basel) Article Biological materials that are created by growing mycelium-forming fungal microorganisms on natural fibers can form a solution to environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources. Recent studies on the hybridization of mycelium materials with glass improved fire performance; however, the effect of inorganic particles on growth performance and mechanical properties was not previously investigated. Yet, due to the wide variety of reinforcement particles, mycelium nanocomposites can potentially be designed for specific functions and applications, such as fire resistance and mechanical improvement. The objectives of this paper are to first determine whether mycelium materials reinforced with montmorillonite nanoclay can be produced given its inorganic nature, and then to study the influence of these nanoparticles on material properties. Nanoclay–mycelium materials are evaluated in terms of morphological, chemical, and mechanical properties. The first steps are taken in unravelling challenges that exist in combining myco-fabrication with nanomaterials. Results indicate that nanoclay causes a decreased growth rate, although the clay particles are able to penetrate into the fibers’ cell-wall structure. The FTIR study demonstrates that T. versicolor has more difficulty accessing and decaying the hemicellulose and lignin when the amount of nanoclay increases. Moreover, the addition of nanoclay results in low mechanical properties. While nanoclay enhances the properties of polymer composites, the hybridization with mycelium composites was not successful. MDPI 2022-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9149836/ /pubmed/35645184 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020057 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Elsacker, Elise
De Laet, Lars
Peeters, Eveline
Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title_full Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title_fullStr Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title_full_unstemmed Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title_short Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
title_sort functional grading of mycelium materials with inorganic particles: the effect of nanoclay on the biological, chemical and mechanical properties
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9149836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35645184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020057
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