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False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach
The current understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is plagued by a cacophony of controversies as evidenced by competing schools to understand MDD/BD. The DSM/ICD taxonomies have cemented their status as the gold standard for diagnosing MDD/BD. The aim of this revi...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9150032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663296 http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.651 |
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author | Maes, Michael HJ Stoyanov, Drozdstoy |
author_facet | Maes, Michael HJ Stoyanov, Drozdstoy |
author_sort | Maes, Michael HJ |
collection | PubMed |
description | The current understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is plagued by a cacophony of controversies as evidenced by competing schools to understand MDD/BD. The DSM/ICD taxonomies have cemented their status as the gold standard for diagnosing MDD/BD. The aim of this review is to discuss the false dogmas that reign in current MDD/BD research with respect to the new, data-driven, machine learning method to model psychiatric illness, namely nomothetic network psychiatry (NNP). This review discusses many false dogmas including: MDD/BD are mind-brain disorders that are best conceptualized using a bio-psycho-social model or mind-brain interactions; mood disorders due to medical disease are attributable to psychosocial stress or chemical imbalances; DSM/ICD are the gold standards to make the MDD/BD diagnosis; severity of illness should be measured using rating scales; clinical remission should be defined using threshold values on rating scale scores; existing diagnostic BD boundaries are too restrictive; and mood disorder spectra are the rule. In contrast, our NNP models show that MDD/BD are not mind-brain or psycho-social but systemic medical disorders; the DSM/ICD taxonomies are counterproductive; a shared core, namely the reoccurrence of illness (ROI), underpins the intertwined recurrence of depressive and manic episodes and suicidal behaviors; mood disorders should be ROI-defined; ROI mediates the effects of nitro-oxidative stress pathways and early lifetime trauma on the phenome of mood disorders; severity of illness and treatment response should be delineated using the NNP-derived causome, pathway, ROI and integrated phenome scores; and MDD and BD are the same illness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9150032 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91500322022-06-04 False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach Maes, Michael HJ Stoyanov, Drozdstoy World J Psychiatry Opinion Review The current understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is plagued by a cacophony of controversies as evidenced by competing schools to understand MDD/BD. The DSM/ICD taxonomies have cemented their status as the gold standard for diagnosing MDD/BD. The aim of this review is to discuss the false dogmas that reign in current MDD/BD research with respect to the new, data-driven, machine learning method to model psychiatric illness, namely nomothetic network psychiatry (NNP). This review discusses many false dogmas including: MDD/BD are mind-brain disorders that are best conceptualized using a bio-psycho-social model or mind-brain interactions; mood disorders due to medical disease are attributable to psychosocial stress or chemical imbalances; DSM/ICD are the gold standards to make the MDD/BD diagnosis; severity of illness should be measured using rating scales; clinical remission should be defined using threshold values on rating scale scores; existing diagnostic BD boundaries are too restrictive; and mood disorder spectra are the rule. In contrast, our NNP models show that MDD/BD are not mind-brain or psycho-social but systemic medical disorders; the DSM/ICD taxonomies are counterproductive; a shared core, namely the reoccurrence of illness (ROI), underpins the intertwined recurrence of depressive and manic episodes and suicidal behaviors; mood disorders should be ROI-defined; ROI mediates the effects of nitro-oxidative stress pathways and early lifetime trauma on the phenome of mood disorders; severity of illness and treatment response should be delineated using the NNP-derived causome, pathway, ROI and integrated phenome scores; and MDD and BD are the same illness. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9150032/ /pubmed/35663296 http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.651 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Opinion Review Maes, Michael HJ Stoyanov, Drozdstoy False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title | False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title_full | False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title_fullStr | False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title_full_unstemmed | False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title_short | False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach |
title_sort | false dogmas in mood disorders research: towards a nomothetic network approach |
topic | Opinion Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9150032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663296 http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.651 |
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