Effect of Spatial Inhomogeneity on Quantum Trapping

[Image: see text] An object that is immersed in a fluid and approaching a substrate may find a potential energy minimum at a certain distance due to the balance between attractive and repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz forces, a phenomenon referred to as quantum trapping. This equilibrium depends on the relative values of the dielectric functions of the materials involved. Herein, we study quantum trapping effects in planar nanocomposite materials and demonstrate that they are strongly dependent on the characteristics of the spatial inhomogeneity. As a model case, we consider spherical particles embedded in an otherwise homogeneous material. We propose an effective medium approximation that accounts for the effect of inclusions and find that an unprecedented and counterintuitive intense repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz force arises as a result of the strong optical scattering and absorption size-dependent resonances caused by their presence. Our results imply that the proper analysis of quantum trapping effects requires comprehensive knowledge and a detailed description of the potential inhomogeneity (caused by imperfections, pores, inclusions, and density variations) present in the materials involved.