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Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci
The scarce availability of efficient and eco-friendly nematicides to control root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., has encouraged research toward the development of bionematicides. Naphthoquinones, juglone (JUG) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NTQ), are being explored as alternatives to synthetic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9152545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867803 |
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author | Maleita, Carla Esteves, Ivânia Braga, Mara E. M. Figueiredo, Joana Gaspar, Marisa C. Abrantes, Isabel de Sousa, Hermínio C. |
author_facet | Maleita, Carla Esteves, Ivânia Braga, Mara E. M. Figueiredo, Joana Gaspar, Marisa C. Abrantes, Isabel de Sousa, Hermínio C. |
author_sort | Maleita, Carla |
collection | PubMed |
description | The scarce availability of efficient and eco-friendly nematicides to control root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., has encouraged research toward the development of bionematicides. Naphthoquinones, juglone (JUG) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NTQ), are being explored as alternatives to synthetic nematicides to control RKN. This study expands the knowledge on the effects of these natural compounds toward M. luci life cycle (mortality, hatching, penetration, reproduction). M. luci second-stage juveniles (J2)/eggs were exposed to each compound (250, 150, 100, 50, and 20 ppm) to monitor nematode mortality and hatching during 72 h and 15 days, respectively. Tomato seedlings were then inoculated with 200 J2, which had been exposed to JUG/1,4-NTQ for 3 days. The number of nematodes inside the roots was determined at 3 days after inoculation, and the final population density was assessed at 45 days after inoculation. Moreover, the potential mode of action of JUG/1,4-NTQ was investigated for the first time on RKN, through the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro inhibitory activity and expression analysis of ache and glutathione-S-transferase (gst) genes. 1,4-NTQ was the most active compound, causing ≥50% J2 mortality at 250 ppm, within 24 h. At 20 and 50 ppm, hatching was reduced by ≈50% for both compounds. JUG showed a greater effect on M. luci penetration and reproduction, decreasing infection by ≈80% (50 ppm) on tomato plants. However, 1,4-NTQ-induced generation of ROS and nematode vacuolization was observed. Our study confirms that JUG/1,4-NTQ are promising nematicidal compounds, and new knowledge on their physiological impacts on Meloidogyne was provided to open new avenues for the development of innovative sustainable nematicides. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9152545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91525452022-06-01 Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci Maleita, Carla Esteves, Ivânia Braga, Mara E. M. Figueiredo, Joana Gaspar, Marisa C. Abrantes, Isabel de Sousa, Hermínio C. Front Plant Sci Plant Science The scarce availability of efficient and eco-friendly nematicides to control root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., has encouraged research toward the development of bionematicides. Naphthoquinones, juglone (JUG) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NTQ), are being explored as alternatives to synthetic nematicides to control RKN. This study expands the knowledge on the effects of these natural compounds toward M. luci life cycle (mortality, hatching, penetration, reproduction). M. luci second-stage juveniles (J2)/eggs were exposed to each compound (250, 150, 100, 50, and 20 ppm) to monitor nematode mortality and hatching during 72 h and 15 days, respectively. Tomato seedlings were then inoculated with 200 J2, which had been exposed to JUG/1,4-NTQ for 3 days. The number of nematodes inside the roots was determined at 3 days after inoculation, and the final population density was assessed at 45 days after inoculation. Moreover, the potential mode of action of JUG/1,4-NTQ was investigated for the first time on RKN, through the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro inhibitory activity and expression analysis of ache and glutathione-S-transferase (gst) genes. 1,4-NTQ was the most active compound, causing ≥50% J2 mortality at 250 ppm, within 24 h. At 20 and 50 ppm, hatching was reduced by ≈50% for both compounds. JUG showed a greater effect on M. luci penetration and reproduction, decreasing infection by ≈80% (50 ppm) on tomato plants. However, 1,4-NTQ-induced generation of ROS and nematode vacuolization was observed. Our study confirms that JUG/1,4-NTQ are promising nematicidal compounds, and new knowledge on their physiological impacts on Meloidogyne was provided to open new avenues for the development of innovative sustainable nematicides. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9152545/ /pubmed/35656011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867803 Text en Copyright © 2022 Maleita, Esteves, Braga, Figueiredo, Gaspar, Abrantes and Sousa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Maleita, Carla Esteves, Ivânia Braga, Mara E. M. Figueiredo, Joana Gaspar, Marisa C. Abrantes, Isabel de Sousa, Hermínio C. Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title | Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title_full | Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title_fullStr | Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title_full_unstemmed | Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title_short | Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone—Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci |
title_sort | juglone and 1,4-naphthoquinone—promising nematicides for sustainable control of the root knot nematode meloidogyne luci |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9152545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867803 |
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