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GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean

Soybean (Glycine max) is highly sensitive to photoperiod, which affects flowering time and plant architecture and thus limits the distribution range of elite soybean cultivars. The major maturity gene E1 confers the most prominent effect on photoperiod sensitivity, but its downstream signaling pathw...

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Autores principales: Zhai, Hong, Wan, Zhao, Jiao, Shuang, Zhou, Jingwen, Xu, Kun, Nan, Haiyang, Liu, Yingxiang, Xiong, Shangshang, Fan, Rong, Zhu, Jinlong, Jiang, Wenting, Pang, Tian, Luo, Xiao, Wu, Hongyan, Yang, Guang, Bai, Xi, Kong, Fanjiang, Xia, Zhengjun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35234946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac092
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author Zhai, Hong
Wan, Zhao
Jiao, Shuang
Zhou, Jingwen
Xu, Kun
Nan, Haiyang
Liu, Yingxiang
Xiong, Shangshang
Fan, Rong
Zhu, Jinlong
Jiang, Wenting
Pang, Tian
Luo, Xiao
Wu, Hongyan
Yang, Guang
Bai, Xi
Kong, Fanjiang
Xia, Zhengjun
author_facet Zhai, Hong
Wan, Zhao
Jiao, Shuang
Zhou, Jingwen
Xu, Kun
Nan, Haiyang
Liu, Yingxiang
Xiong, Shangshang
Fan, Rong
Zhu, Jinlong
Jiang, Wenting
Pang, Tian
Luo, Xiao
Wu, Hongyan
Yang, Guang
Bai, Xi
Kong, Fanjiang
Xia, Zhengjun
author_sort Zhai, Hong
collection PubMed
description Soybean (Glycine max) is highly sensitive to photoperiod, which affects flowering time and plant architecture and thus limits the distribution range of elite soybean cultivars. The major maturity gene E1 confers the most prominent effect on photoperiod sensitivity, but its downstream signaling pathway remains largely unknown. Here, we confirm that the encoded E1 protein is a transcriptional repressor. The expression of seven GmMDE genes (Glycine max MADS-box genes downregulated by E1) was suppressed when E1 was overexpressed and promoted when E1 was knocked out through clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis. These GmMDEs exhibited similar tissue specificity and expression patterns, including in response to photoperiod, E1 expression, and E1 genotype. E1 repressed GmMDE promoter activity. Results for two GmMDEs showed that E1 epigenetically silences their expression by directly binding to their promoters to increase H3K27me3 levels. The overexpression of GmMDE06 promoted flowering and post-flowering termination of stem growth. The late flowering phenotype of E1-overexpressing soybean lines was reversed by the overexpression of GmMDE06, placing GmMDE06 downstream of E1. The overexpression of GmMDE06 increased the expression of the soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs GmFT2a and GmFT5a, leading to feedback upregulation of GmMDE, indicating that GmMDE and GmFT2a/GmFT5a form a positive regulatory feedback loop promoting flowering. GmMDE06 also promoted post-flowering termination of stem growth by repressing the expression of the shoot identity gene Dt1. The E1-GmMDEs-GmFT2a/5a-Dt1 signaling pathway illustrates how soybean responds to photoperiod by modulating flowering time and post-flowering stem termination.
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spelling pubmed-91570812022-06-04 GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean Zhai, Hong Wan, Zhao Jiao, Shuang Zhou, Jingwen Xu, Kun Nan, Haiyang Liu, Yingxiang Xiong, Shangshang Fan, Rong Zhu, Jinlong Jiang, Wenting Pang, Tian Luo, Xiao Wu, Hongyan Yang, Guang Bai, Xi Kong, Fanjiang Xia, Zhengjun Plant Physiol Research Articles Soybean (Glycine max) is highly sensitive to photoperiod, which affects flowering time and plant architecture and thus limits the distribution range of elite soybean cultivars. The major maturity gene E1 confers the most prominent effect on photoperiod sensitivity, but its downstream signaling pathway remains largely unknown. Here, we confirm that the encoded E1 protein is a transcriptional repressor. The expression of seven GmMDE genes (Glycine max MADS-box genes downregulated by E1) was suppressed when E1 was overexpressed and promoted when E1 was knocked out through clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis. These GmMDEs exhibited similar tissue specificity and expression patterns, including in response to photoperiod, E1 expression, and E1 genotype. E1 repressed GmMDE promoter activity. Results for two GmMDEs showed that E1 epigenetically silences their expression by directly binding to their promoters to increase H3K27me3 levels. The overexpression of GmMDE06 promoted flowering and post-flowering termination of stem growth. The late flowering phenotype of E1-overexpressing soybean lines was reversed by the overexpression of GmMDE06, placing GmMDE06 downstream of E1. The overexpression of GmMDE06 increased the expression of the soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs GmFT2a and GmFT5a, leading to feedback upregulation of GmMDE, indicating that GmMDE and GmFT2a/GmFT5a form a positive regulatory feedback loop promoting flowering. GmMDE06 also promoted post-flowering termination of stem growth by repressing the expression of the shoot identity gene Dt1. The E1-GmMDEs-GmFT2a/5a-Dt1 signaling pathway illustrates how soybean responds to photoperiod by modulating flowering time and post-flowering stem termination. Oxford University Press 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9157081/ /pubmed/35234946 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac092 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Articles
Zhai, Hong
Wan, Zhao
Jiao, Shuang
Zhou, Jingwen
Xu, Kun
Nan, Haiyang
Liu, Yingxiang
Xiong, Shangshang
Fan, Rong
Zhu, Jinlong
Jiang, Wenting
Pang, Tian
Luo, Xiao
Wu, Hongyan
Yang, Guang
Bai, Xi
Kong, Fanjiang
Xia, Zhengjun
GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title_full GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title_fullStr GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title_full_unstemmed GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title_short GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
title_sort gmmde genes bridge the maturity gene e1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35234946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac092
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