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Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare early mortality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional intramedullary instrumentation to TKA performed using technology-assisted (non-intramedullary) instrumentation. DESIGN: Comparative observational study. Using data from a large national regi...

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Autores principales: Harris, Ian A, Kirwan, David P, Peng, Yi, Lewis, Peter L, de Steiger, Richard N, Graves, Stephen E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35641007
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055859
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author Harris, Ian A
Kirwan, David P
Peng, Yi
Lewis, Peter L
de Steiger, Richard N
Graves, Stephen E
author_facet Harris, Ian A
Kirwan, David P
Peng, Yi
Lewis, Peter L
de Steiger, Richard N
Graves, Stephen E
author_sort Harris, Ian A
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare early mortality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional intramedullary instrumentation to TKA performed using technology-assisted (non-intramedullary) instrumentation. DESIGN: Comparative observational study. Using data from a large national registry, the 30-day mortality after unilateral TKA performed for osteoarthritis was compared between procedures using conventional instrumentation and those using technology-assisted instrumentation. Firth logistic regression was used to calculate ORs, adjusting for age, sex, use of cement and procedure year for the whole period, and additionally adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system class and body mass index (BMI) for the period 2015 to 2019. This analysis was repeated for 7-day and 90-day mortality. SETTING: National arthroplasty registry. PARTICIPANTS: People undergoing unilateral, elective TKA for osteoarthritis from 2003 to 2019 inclusive. INTERVENTIONS: TKA performed using conventional intramedullary instrumentation or technology-assisted instrumentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 30-day mortality (primary), and 7-day and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 581 818 unilateral TKA procedures performed for osteoarthritis were included, of which 602 (0.10%) died within 30 days of surgery. The OR of death within 30 days following TKA performed with conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted instrumentation, adjusted for age, sex, cement use, procedure year, American Society of Anesthesiologists and BMI was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.41, p=0.001). The corresponding ORs for 7-day and 90-day mortality were 2.21 (96% CI, 1.34 to 3.66, p=0.002) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.69, p=0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of conventional instrumentation during TKA is associated with higher odds of early postoperative death than when technology-assisted instrumentation is used. This difference may be explained by complications related to fat embolism secondary to intramedullary rods used in conventional instrumentation. Given the high number of TKA performed annually worldwide, increasing the use of technology-assisted instrumentation may reduce early post-operative mortality.
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spelling pubmed-91573622022-06-16 Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data Harris, Ian A Kirwan, David P Peng, Yi Lewis, Peter L de Steiger, Richard N Graves, Stephen E BMJ Open Surgery OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare early mortality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional intramedullary instrumentation to TKA performed using technology-assisted (non-intramedullary) instrumentation. DESIGN: Comparative observational study. Using data from a large national registry, the 30-day mortality after unilateral TKA performed for osteoarthritis was compared between procedures using conventional instrumentation and those using technology-assisted instrumentation. Firth logistic regression was used to calculate ORs, adjusting for age, sex, use of cement and procedure year for the whole period, and additionally adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system class and body mass index (BMI) for the period 2015 to 2019. This analysis was repeated for 7-day and 90-day mortality. SETTING: National arthroplasty registry. PARTICIPANTS: People undergoing unilateral, elective TKA for osteoarthritis from 2003 to 2019 inclusive. INTERVENTIONS: TKA performed using conventional intramedullary instrumentation or technology-assisted instrumentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 30-day mortality (primary), and 7-day and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 581 818 unilateral TKA procedures performed for osteoarthritis were included, of which 602 (0.10%) died within 30 days of surgery. The OR of death within 30 days following TKA performed with conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted instrumentation, adjusted for age, sex, cement use, procedure year, American Society of Anesthesiologists and BMI was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.41, p=0.001). The corresponding ORs for 7-day and 90-day mortality were 2.21 (96% CI, 1.34 to 3.66, p=0.002) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.69, p=0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of conventional instrumentation during TKA is associated with higher odds of early postoperative death than when technology-assisted instrumentation is used. This difference may be explained by complications related to fat embolism secondary to intramedullary rods used in conventional instrumentation. Given the high number of TKA performed annually worldwide, increasing the use of technology-assisted instrumentation may reduce early post-operative mortality. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9157362/ /pubmed/35641007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055859 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Surgery
Harris, Ian A
Kirwan, David P
Peng, Yi
Lewis, Peter L
de Steiger, Richard N
Graves, Stephen E
Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title_full Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title_fullStr Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title_full_unstemmed Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title_short Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
title_sort increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
topic Surgery
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35641007
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055859
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