Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms

Depression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS le...

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Autores principales: An, Xianquan, Guo, Wanxu, Wu, Huiying, Fu, Xiying, Li, Ming, Zhang, Yizhi, Li, Yanlin, Cui, Ranji, Yang, Wei, Zhang, Zhuo, Zhao, Guoqing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Neuroscience
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663561
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755
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author An, Xianquan
Guo, Wanxu
Wu, Huiying
Fu, Xiying
Li, Ming
Zhang, Yizhi
Li, Yanlin
Cui, Ranji
Yang, Wei
Zhang, Zhuo
Zhao, Guoqing
author_facet An, Xianquan
Guo, Wanxu
Wu, Huiying
Fu, Xiying
Li, Ming
Zhang, Yizhi
Li, Yanlin
Cui, Ranji
Yang, Wei
Zhang, Zhuo
Zhao, Guoqing
author_sort An, Xianquan
collection PubMed
description Depression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS leads to changes in sex hormones, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, and epigenetics. The adverse effects of ELS on adulthood are mainly dependent on the time window when stress occurs, sex and the developmental stage when evaluating the impacts. Therefore, with regard to the exact sex differences of adult depression, we found that ELS could lead to sex-differentiated depression through multiple mechanisms, including 5-HT, sex hormone, HPA axis, and epigenetics.
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spelling pubmed-91577932022-06-02 Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms An, Xianquan Guo, Wanxu Wu, Huiying Fu, Xiying Li, Ming Zhang, Yizhi Li, Yanlin Cui, Ranji Yang, Wei Zhang, Zhuo Zhao, Guoqing Front Neurosci Neuroscience Depression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS leads to changes in sex hormones, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, and epigenetics. The adverse effects of ELS on adulthood are mainly dependent on the time window when stress occurs, sex and the developmental stage when evaluating the impacts. Therefore, with regard to the exact sex differences of adult depression, we found that ELS could lead to sex-differentiated depression through multiple mechanisms, including 5-HT, sex hormone, HPA axis, and epigenetics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9157793/ /pubmed/35663561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755 Text en Copyright © 2022 An, Guo, Wu, Fu, Li, Zhang, Li, Cui, Yang, Zhang and Zhao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
An, Xianquan
Guo, Wanxu
Wu, Huiying
Fu, Xiying
Li, Ming
Zhang, Yizhi
Li, Yanlin
Cui, Ranji
Yang, Wei
Zhang, Zhuo
Zhao, Guoqing
Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title_full Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title_fullStr Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title_short Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
title_sort sex differences in depression caused by early life stress and related mechanisms
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663561
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755
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