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Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles
The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturizatio...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2022.901341 |
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author | Heckmann, Manfred Pauli, Martin |
author_facet | Heckmann, Manfred Pauli, Martin |
author_sort | Heckmann, Manfred |
collection | PubMed |
description | The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturization and plasticity. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers nanometer spatial resolution as well as information about copy number, localization, and orientation of proteins of interest in AZs. This type of imaging allows quantifications of activity dependent AZ reorganizations, e.g., in the context of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. In combination with high-pressure freezing and optogenetic or electrical stimulation AZs can be imaged with millisecond temporal resolution during synaptic activity. Therefore SMLM allows the determination of key parameters in the complex spatial environment of AZs, necessary for next generation simulations of chemical synapses with realistic protein arrangements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9159495 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91594952022-06-02 Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles Heckmann, Manfred Pauli, Martin Front Synaptic Neurosci Neuroscience The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturization and plasticity. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers nanometer spatial resolution as well as information about copy number, localization, and orientation of proteins of interest in AZs. This type of imaging allows quantifications of activity dependent AZ reorganizations, e.g., in the context of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. In combination with high-pressure freezing and optogenetic or electrical stimulation AZs can be imaged with millisecond temporal resolution during synaptic activity. Therefore SMLM allows the determination of key parameters in the complex spatial environment of AZs, necessary for next generation simulations of chemical synapses with realistic protein arrangements. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9159495/ /pubmed/35663371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2022.901341 Text en Copyright © 2022 Heckmann and Pauli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Heckmann, Manfred Pauli, Martin Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title | Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title_full | Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title_fullStr | Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed | Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title_short | Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles |
title_sort | visualizing presynaptic active zones and synaptic vesicles |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2022.901341 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT heckmannmanfred visualizingpresynapticactivezonesandsynapticvesicles AT paulimartin visualizingpresynapticactivezonesandsynapticvesicles |