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Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias
The art of making good choices and being consistent in executing them is essential for having a successful and fulfilling life. Individual differences in action control are believed to have a crucial impact on how we make choices and whether we put them in action. Action-oriented people are more dec...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35648760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268501 |
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author | Zajkowski, Wojciech Bielecki, Maksymilian Marszał-Wiśniewska, Magdalena |
author_facet | Zajkowski, Wojciech Bielecki, Maksymilian Marszał-Wiśniewska, Magdalena |
author_sort | Zajkowski, Wojciech |
collection | PubMed |
description | The art of making good choices and being consistent in executing them is essential for having a successful and fulfilling life. Individual differences in action control are believed to have a crucial impact on how we make choices and whether we put them in action. Action-oriented people are more decisive, flexible and likely to implement their intentions in the face of adversity. In contrast, state-oriented people often struggle to commit to their choices and end up second-guessing themselves. Here, we employ a model-based computational approach to study the underlying cognitive differences between action and state-oriented people in simple binary-choice decision tasks. In Experiment 1 we show that there is little-to-no evidence that the two groups differ in terms of decision-related parameters and strong evidence for differences in metacognitive bias. Action-oriented people exhibit greater confidence in the correctness of their choices as well as slightly elevated judgement sensitivity, although no differences in performance are present. In Experiment 2 we replicate this effect and show that the confidence gap generalizes to value-based decisions, widens as a function of difficulty and is independent of deliberation interval. Furthermore, allowing more time for confidence deliberation indicated that state-oriented people focus more strongly on external features of choice. We propose that a positive confidence bias, coupled with appropriate metacognitive sensitivity, might be crucial for the successful realization of intentions in many real-life situations. More generally, our study provides an example of how modelling latent cognitive processes can bring meaningful insight into the study of individual differences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9159610 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91596102022-06-02 Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias Zajkowski, Wojciech Bielecki, Maksymilian Marszał-Wiśniewska, Magdalena PLoS One Research Article The art of making good choices and being consistent in executing them is essential for having a successful and fulfilling life. Individual differences in action control are believed to have a crucial impact on how we make choices and whether we put them in action. Action-oriented people are more decisive, flexible and likely to implement their intentions in the face of adversity. In contrast, state-oriented people often struggle to commit to their choices and end up second-guessing themselves. Here, we employ a model-based computational approach to study the underlying cognitive differences between action and state-oriented people in simple binary-choice decision tasks. In Experiment 1 we show that there is little-to-no evidence that the two groups differ in terms of decision-related parameters and strong evidence for differences in metacognitive bias. Action-oriented people exhibit greater confidence in the correctness of their choices as well as slightly elevated judgement sensitivity, although no differences in performance are present. In Experiment 2 we replicate this effect and show that the confidence gap generalizes to value-based decisions, widens as a function of difficulty and is independent of deliberation interval. Furthermore, allowing more time for confidence deliberation indicated that state-oriented people focus more strongly on external features of choice. We propose that a positive confidence bias, coupled with appropriate metacognitive sensitivity, might be crucial for the successful realization of intentions in many real-life situations. More generally, our study provides an example of how modelling latent cognitive processes can bring meaningful insight into the study of individual differences. Public Library of Science 2022-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9159610/ /pubmed/35648760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268501 Text en © 2022 Zajkowski et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zajkowski, Wojciech Bielecki, Maksymilian Marszał-Wiśniewska, Magdalena Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title | Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title_full | Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title_fullStr | Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title_full_unstemmed | Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title_short | Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
title_sort | are you confident enough to act? individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35648760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268501 |
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