Developing sequentially trained robust Punjabi speech recognition system under matched and mismatched conditions

Development of a native language robust ASR framework is very challenging as well as an active area of research. Although an urge for investigation of effective front-end as well as back-end approaches are required for tackling environment differences, large training complexity and inter-speaker variability in achieving success of a recognition system. In this paper, four front-end approaches: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCC), relative spectral-perceptual linear prediction (RASTA-PLP) and power-normalized cepstral coefficients (PNCC) have been investigated to generate unique and robust feature vectors at different SNR values. Furthermore, to handle the large training data complexity, parameter optimization has been performed with sequence-discriminative training techniques: maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum phone error (MPE), boosted-MMI (bMMI), and state-level minimum Bayes risk (sMBR). It has been demonstrated by selection of an optimal value of parameters using lattice generation, and adjustments of learning rates. In proposed framework, four different systems have been tested by analyzing various feature extraction approaches (with or without speaker normalization through Vocal Tract Length Normalization (VTLN) approach in test set) and classification strategy on with or without artificial extension of train dataset. To compare each system performance, true matched (adult train and test—S1, child train and test—S2) and mismatched (adult train and child test—S3, adult + child train and child test—S4) systems on large adult and very small Punjabi clean speech corpus have been demonstrated. Consequently, gender-based in-domain data augmented is used to moderate acoustic and phonetic variations throughout adult and children’s speech under mismatched conditions. The experiment result shows that an effective framework developed on PNCC + VTLN front-end approach using TDNN-sMBR-based model through parameter optimization technique yields a relative improvement (RI) of 40.18%, 47.51%, and 49.87% in matched, mismatched and gender-based in-domain augmented system under typical clean and noisy conditions, respectively.