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Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana
Diarrheal disease remains a major global health problem particularly in children under 5 years and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of causative pathogens could slow control efforts, particularly in settings where treatment options are limited. This surveillance study conducted in Ghana...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9161929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.894319 |
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author | Afum, Theophilus Asandem, Diana Asema Asare, Prince Asante-Poku, Adwoa Mensah, Gloria Ivy Musah, Abdul Basit Opare, David Taniguchi, Kiyosi Guinko, Nuhu Muniru Aphour, Thelma Arhin, Doris Ishikawa, Koichi Matano, Tetsuro Mizutani, Taketoshi Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin Kiyono, Hiroshi Anang, Abraham Kwabena Koram, Kwadwo Ansah Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy |
author_facet | Afum, Theophilus Asandem, Diana Asema Asare, Prince Asante-Poku, Adwoa Mensah, Gloria Ivy Musah, Abdul Basit Opare, David Taniguchi, Kiyosi Guinko, Nuhu Muniru Aphour, Thelma Arhin, Doris Ishikawa, Koichi Matano, Tetsuro Mizutani, Taketoshi Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin Kiyono, Hiroshi Anang, Abraham Kwabena Koram, Kwadwo Ansah Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy |
author_sort | Afum, Theophilus |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diarrheal disease remains a major global health problem particularly in children under 5 years and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of causative pathogens could slow control efforts, particularly in settings where treatment options are limited. This surveillance study conducted in Ghana aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of diarrhea-causing bacteria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in five health facilities in the Ga West Municipality of Ghana between 2017 and 2021. Diarrheic stool samples from patients were collected and cultured on standard differential/selective media and isolates identified by standard biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF assay, and serological analysis. The antibiogram was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and Microscan autoScan4 MIC panels which were used for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection. Bacteria were isolated from 97.5% (772/792) of stool samples, and 167 of the isolates were diarrheagenic and met our inclusion criteria for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analysis. These included Escherichia coli (49.1%, 82/167), Salmonella species (23.9%, 40/167), Vibrio species (16.8%, 28/167), and Shigella species (10.2%, 17/167). Among 24 Vibrio species, we observed resistances to cefotaxime (21/24, 87.5%), ceftriaxone (20/24, 83.3%), and ciprofloxacin (6/24, 25%), including four multi-drug resistant isolates. All 13 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to cefazolin. All 17 Shigella isolates were resistant to tetracycline with resistance to shigellosis drugs such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella isolates were highly susceptible to norfloxacin (40/40, 100%) and tetracycline (12/34, 35%). Two ESBL-producing E. coli were also identified with marked susceptibility to gentamicin (66/72, 91.7%) and amikacin (57/72, 79.2%) prescribed in the treatment of E. coli infections. This study showed the different bacteria implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana and the need for differential diagnoses for better treatment outcomes. Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Vibrio have all been implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana. The highest prevalence was E. coli and Salmonella with Shigella the least prevalent. Resistance to commonly used drugs found in these isolates may render bacteria infection treatment in the near future nearly impossible. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, effective monitoring, and nationwide surveillance of AMR pathogens should be implemented to curb the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9161929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91619292022-06-03 Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana Afum, Theophilus Asandem, Diana Asema Asare, Prince Asante-Poku, Adwoa Mensah, Gloria Ivy Musah, Abdul Basit Opare, David Taniguchi, Kiyosi Guinko, Nuhu Muniru Aphour, Thelma Arhin, Doris Ishikawa, Koichi Matano, Tetsuro Mizutani, Taketoshi Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin Kiyono, Hiroshi Anang, Abraham Kwabena Koram, Kwadwo Ansah Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy Front Microbiol Microbiology Diarrheal disease remains a major global health problem particularly in children under 5 years and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of causative pathogens could slow control efforts, particularly in settings where treatment options are limited. This surveillance study conducted in Ghana aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of diarrhea-causing bacteria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in five health facilities in the Ga West Municipality of Ghana between 2017 and 2021. Diarrheic stool samples from patients were collected and cultured on standard differential/selective media and isolates identified by standard biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF assay, and serological analysis. The antibiogram was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and Microscan autoScan4 MIC panels which were used for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection. Bacteria were isolated from 97.5% (772/792) of stool samples, and 167 of the isolates were diarrheagenic and met our inclusion criteria for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analysis. These included Escherichia coli (49.1%, 82/167), Salmonella species (23.9%, 40/167), Vibrio species (16.8%, 28/167), and Shigella species (10.2%, 17/167). Among 24 Vibrio species, we observed resistances to cefotaxime (21/24, 87.5%), ceftriaxone (20/24, 83.3%), and ciprofloxacin (6/24, 25%), including four multi-drug resistant isolates. All 13 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to cefazolin. All 17 Shigella isolates were resistant to tetracycline with resistance to shigellosis drugs such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella isolates were highly susceptible to norfloxacin (40/40, 100%) and tetracycline (12/34, 35%). Two ESBL-producing E. coli were also identified with marked susceptibility to gentamicin (66/72, 91.7%) and amikacin (57/72, 79.2%) prescribed in the treatment of E. coli infections. This study showed the different bacteria implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana and the need for differential diagnoses for better treatment outcomes. Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Vibrio have all been implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana. The highest prevalence was E. coli and Salmonella with Shigella the least prevalent. Resistance to commonly used drugs found in these isolates may render bacteria infection treatment in the near future nearly impossible. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, effective monitoring, and nationwide surveillance of AMR pathogens should be implemented to curb the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9161929/ /pubmed/35663873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.894319 Text en Copyright © 2022 Afum, Asandem, Asare, Asante-Poku, Mensah, Musah, Opare, Taniguchi, Guinko, Aphour, Arhin, Ishikawa, Matano, Mizutani, Asiedu-Bekoe, Kiyono, Anang, Koram and Yeboah-Manu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Afum, Theophilus Asandem, Diana Asema Asare, Prince Asante-Poku, Adwoa Mensah, Gloria Ivy Musah, Abdul Basit Opare, David Taniguchi, Kiyosi Guinko, Nuhu Muniru Aphour, Thelma Arhin, Doris Ishikawa, Koichi Matano, Tetsuro Mizutani, Taketoshi Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin Kiyono, Hiroshi Anang, Abraham Kwabena Koram, Kwadwo Ansah Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title | Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title_full | Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title_fullStr | Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title_full_unstemmed | Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title_short | Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana |
title_sort | diarrhea-causing bacteria and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrhea patients from ghana |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9161929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35663873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.894319 |
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