Association of household food insecurity with dietary intakes and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among parents, aged ≥ 18 years in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A descriptive study

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between household food insecurity and dietary intake and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among parents aged ≥18 years in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The current cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021 among adults (mothers and fathers) aged ≥18 years. A total of 614 participants were selected from all Gaza Strip governorates using a cluster random sampling method. To assess the nutrition-related KAP, we employed the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations questionnaire (Modules 5, 6, 7, and 9). Data regarding household food security status, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the study participants, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intakes were obtained using standard questionnaires and methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. About 71.5% and 28.5% of the study participants were household food-insecured and household food-secured, respectively. Significant associations were found between participants from household food-secured and household food-insecured concerning several socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures, intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and calcium; nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes toward undernutrition and vitamin A deficiency; nutrition-related KAP of iron deficiency anemia; and nutrition-related attitudes and practices of food safety (P-values < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, the demographic and socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, and poor dietary intakes may be associated with high levels of household food insecurity, while having nutrition-related adequate KAP may be associated with low levels of household food insecurity among parents aged ≥18 years.