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Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient

Brain–machine interfaces combining visual, auditory, and tactile feedback have been previously used to generate embodiment experiences during spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. It is not known if adding temperature to these modalities can result in discomfort with embodiment experiences. Here,...

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Autores principales: Pais-Vieira, Carla, Gaspar, Pedro, Matos, Demétrio, Alves, Leonor Palminha, da Cruz, Bárbara Moreira, Azevedo, Maria João, Gago, Miguel, Poleri, Tânia, Perrotta, André, Pais-Vieira, Miguel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9163805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35669203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.909112
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author Pais-Vieira, Carla
Gaspar, Pedro
Matos, Demétrio
Alves, Leonor Palminha
da Cruz, Bárbara Moreira
Azevedo, Maria João
Gago, Miguel
Poleri, Tânia
Perrotta, André
Pais-Vieira, Miguel
author_facet Pais-Vieira, Carla
Gaspar, Pedro
Matos, Demétrio
Alves, Leonor Palminha
da Cruz, Bárbara Moreira
Azevedo, Maria João
Gago, Miguel
Poleri, Tânia
Perrotta, André
Pais-Vieira, Miguel
author_sort Pais-Vieira, Carla
collection PubMed
description Brain–machine interfaces combining visual, auditory, and tactile feedback have been previously used to generate embodiment experiences during spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. It is not known if adding temperature to these modalities can result in discomfort with embodiment experiences. Here, comfort levels with the embodiment experiences were investigated in an intervention that required a chronic pain SCI patient to generate lower limb motor imagery commands in an immersive environment combining visual (virtual reality -VR), auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback. Assessments were made pre-/ post-, throughout the intervention (Weeks 0–5), and at 7 weeks follow up. Overall, high levels of embodiment in the adapted three-domain scale of embodiment were found throughout the sessions. No significant adverse effects of VR were reported. Although sessions induced only a modest reduction in pain levels, an overall reduction occurred in all pain scales (Faces, Intensity, and Verbal) at follow up. A high degree of comfort in the comfort scale for the thermal-tactile sleeve, in both the thermal and tactile feedback components of the sleeve was reported. This study supports the feasibility of combining multimodal stimulation involving visual (VR), auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback to generate embodiment experiences in neurorehabilitation programs.
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spelling pubmed-91638052022-06-05 Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient Pais-Vieira, Carla Gaspar, Pedro Matos, Demétrio Alves, Leonor Palminha da Cruz, Bárbara Moreira Azevedo, Maria João Gago, Miguel Poleri, Tânia Perrotta, André Pais-Vieira, Miguel Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Brain–machine interfaces combining visual, auditory, and tactile feedback have been previously used to generate embodiment experiences during spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. It is not known if adding temperature to these modalities can result in discomfort with embodiment experiences. Here, comfort levels with the embodiment experiences were investigated in an intervention that required a chronic pain SCI patient to generate lower limb motor imagery commands in an immersive environment combining visual (virtual reality -VR), auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback. Assessments were made pre-/ post-, throughout the intervention (Weeks 0–5), and at 7 weeks follow up. Overall, high levels of embodiment in the adapted three-domain scale of embodiment were found throughout the sessions. No significant adverse effects of VR were reported. Although sessions induced only a modest reduction in pain levels, an overall reduction occurred in all pain scales (Faces, Intensity, and Verbal) at follow up. A high degree of comfort in the comfort scale for the thermal-tactile sleeve, in both the thermal and tactile feedback components of the sleeve was reported. This study supports the feasibility of combining multimodal stimulation involving visual (VR), auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback to generate embodiment experiences in neurorehabilitation programs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9163805/ /pubmed/35669203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.909112 Text en Copyright © 2022 Pais-Vieira, Gaspar, Matos, Alves, da Cruz, Azevedo, Gago, Poleri, Perrotta and Pais-Vieira. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Human Neuroscience
Pais-Vieira, Carla
Gaspar, Pedro
Matos, Demétrio
Alves, Leonor Palminha
da Cruz, Bárbara Moreira
Azevedo, Maria João
Gago, Miguel
Poleri, Tânia
Perrotta, André
Pais-Vieira, Miguel
Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title_full Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title_fullStr Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title_full_unstemmed Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title_short Embodiment Comfort Levels During Motor Imagery Training Combined With Immersive Virtual Reality in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient
title_sort embodiment comfort levels during motor imagery training combined with immersive virtual reality in a spinal cord injury patient
topic Human Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9163805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35669203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.909112
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