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Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum

BACKGROUND: The colonization of mosquitoes susceptible to Plasmodium vivax via direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) has the potential to significantly advance our knowledge of P. vivax biology, vector-parasite interaction and transmission-blocking vaccine research. Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles d...

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Autores principales: Santos, Najara A. C., Andrade, Alice O., Santos, Thais C., Martinez, Leandro N., Ferreira, Amália S., Bastos, Alessandra S., Martins, Mirilene M., Pontual, José D. C., Teles, Carolina B. G., Medeiros, Jansen F., Araújo, Maisa S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9164182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35658964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04204-8
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author Santos, Najara A. C.
Andrade, Alice O.
Santos, Thais C.
Martinez, Leandro N.
Ferreira, Amália S.
Bastos, Alessandra S.
Martins, Mirilene M.
Pontual, José D. C.
Teles, Carolina B. G.
Medeiros, Jansen F.
Araújo, Maisa S.
author_facet Santos, Najara A. C.
Andrade, Alice O.
Santos, Thais C.
Martinez, Leandro N.
Ferreira, Amália S.
Bastos, Alessandra S.
Martins, Mirilene M.
Pontual, José D. C.
Teles, Carolina B. G.
Medeiros, Jansen F.
Araújo, Maisa S.
author_sort Santos, Najara A. C.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The colonization of mosquitoes susceptible to Plasmodium vivax via direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) has the potential to significantly advance our knowledge of P. vivax biology, vector-parasite interaction and transmission-blocking vaccine research. Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum are important vectors of malaria in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Since 2018, well-established colonies of these species have been maintained in order to mass produce mosquitoes destined for P. vivax infection. Plasmodium susceptibility was confirmed when the colonies were established, but susceptibility needs to be maintained for these colonies to remain good models for pathogen transmission. Thus, the susceptibility was assessed of colonized mosquitoes to P. vivax isolates circulating in the Western Amazon. METHODS: Laboratory-reared mosquitoes from F10-F25 generations were fed on P. vivax blood isolates via DMFA. Susceptibility was determined by prevalence and intensity of infection as represented by oocyst load seven days after blood feeding, and sporozoite load 14 days after blood feeding. The effect of infection on mosquito survival was evaluated from initial blood feeding until sporogonic development and survival rates were compared between mosquitoes fed on infected and uninfected blood. Correlation was calculated between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, and between oocyst and sporozoite load. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in prevalence and intensity of infection between species. Anopheles darlingi showed a higher proportion of infected mosquitoes and higher oocyst and sporozoite intensity than An. deaneorum. Survival analysis showed that An. deaneorum survival decreased drastically until 14 days post infection (dpi). Plasmodium vivax infection decreased survival in both species relative to uninfected mosquitoes. No correlation was observed between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, but oocyst and sporozoite load had a moderate to strong correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Colonized An. darlingi make excellent subjects for modelling pathogen transmission. On the other hand, An. deaneorum could serve as a model for immunity studies due the low susceptibility under current colonized conditions. In the application of DMFA, gametocyte density is not a reliable parameter for predicting mosquito infection by P. vivax, but oocyst intensity should be used to schedule sporozoite experiments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04204-8.
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spelling pubmed-91641822022-06-04 Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum Santos, Najara A. C. Andrade, Alice O. Santos, Thais C. Martinez, Leandro N. Ferreira, Amália S. Bastos, Alessandra S. Martins, Mirilene M. Pontual, José D. C. Teles, Carolina B. G. Medeiros, Jansen F. Araújo, Maisa S. Malar J Research BACKGROUND: The colonization of mosquitoes susceptible to Plasmodium vivax via direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) has the potential to significantly advance our knowledge of P. vivax biology, vector-parasite interaction and transmission-blocking vaccine research. Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum are important vectors of malaria in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Since 2018, well-established colonies of these species have been maintained in order to mass produce mosquitoes destined for P. vivax infection. Plasmodium susceptibility was confirmed when the colonies were established, but susceptibility needs to be maintained for these colonies to remain good models for pathogen transmission. Thus, the susceptibility was assessed of colonized mosquitoes to P. vivax isolates circulating in the Western Amazon. METHODS: Laboratory-reared mosquitoes from F10-F25 generations were fed on P. vivax blood isolates via DMFA. Susceptibility was determined by prevalence and intensity of infection as represented by oocyst load seven days after blood feeding, and sporozoite load 14 days after blood feeding. The effect of infection on mosquito survival was evaluated from initial blood feeding until sporogonic development and survival rates were compared between mosquitoes fed on infected and uninfected blood. Correlation was calculated between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, and between oocyst and sporozoite load. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in prevalence and intensity of infection between species. Anopheles darlingi showed a higher proportion of infected mosquitoes and higher oocyst and sporozoite intensity than An. deaneorum. Survival analysis showed that An. deaneorum survival decreased drastically until 14 days post infection (dpi). Plasmodium vivax infection decreased survival in both species relative to uninfected mosquitoes. No correlation was observed between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, but oocyst and sporozoite load had a moderate to strong correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Colonized An. darlingi make excellent subjects for modelling pathogen transmission. On the other hand, An. deaneorum could serve as a model for immunity studies due the low susceptibility under current colonized conditions. In the application of DMFA, gametocyte density is not a reliable parameter for predicting mosquito infection by P. vivax, but oocyst intensity should be used to schedule sporozoite experiments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04204-8. BioMed Central 2022-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9164182/ /pubmed/35658964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04204-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Santos, Najara A. C.
Andrade, Alice O.
Santos, Thais C.
Martinez, Leandro N.
Ferreira, Amália S.
Bastos, Alessandra S.
Martins, Mirilene M.
Pontual, José D. C.
Teles, Carolina B. G.
Medeiros, Jansen F.
Araújo, Maisa S.
Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title_full Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title_fullStr Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title_short Evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection among colonized Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum
title_sort evaluation of sustainable susceptibility to plasmodium vivax infection among colonized anopheles darlingi and anopheles deaneorum
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9164182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35658964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04204-8
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