Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic yaks

BACKGROUND: Yak (Bos grunniens) mainly inhabiting Tibet Plateau, displayed a high incidence of diarrhea due to harsh living environment and nutritional deficit. Gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases including diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in yaks remains scarce. Here, this study was performed to investigate the gut bacterial and fungal alternations of diarrheic yaks. RESULTS: Results revealed that the gut bacterial and fungal communities of diarrheic yaks showed a distinct decline in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant shifts in taxonomic compositions. Specifically, diarrhea caused a distinct increase in the relative abundance of 1 phylum and 8 genera as well as a distinct decrease in 3 phyla and 30 genera. Fungal taxonomic analysis indicated that the relative richness of 1 phylum and 2 genera dramatically increased, whereas the relative richness of 2 phylum and 43 genera significantly decreased during diarrhea. Surprisingly, 2 bacterial genera and 5 fungal genera even cannot be detected in the gut microbiota of diarrheic yaks. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study indicated that the gut bacterial and fungal compositions and diversities of yaks altered significantly during diarrhea. Moreover, these findings also contribute to understanding the gut microbial composition and diversity of yaks and developing strategies to alleviate and prevent diarrhea from gut microbial perspective. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01836-y.