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Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019

BACKGROUND: In high-income countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is mainly a zoonosis. However, it is also transfusion-transmissible and some countries, but not Italy, have introduced HEV screening for blood donations. AIM: We assessed HEV infection prevalence and risk factors in a nationwide...

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Autores principales: Spada, Enea, Simeoni, Matteo, Martina, Antonio, Pati, Ilaria, Villano, Umbertina, Adriani, Daniela, D’Angiò, Agnese, Tritarelli, Elena, Taffon, Stefania, Bellino, Stefania, Boros, Stefano, Urciuoli, Roberta, Masiello, Francesca, Marano, Giuseppe, Bruni, Roberto, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Ciccaglione, Anna Rita, Pupella, Simonetta, De Angelis, Vincenzo, Pisani, Giulio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9164674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656832
http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2100516
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author Spada, Enea
Simeoni, Matteo
Martina, Antonio
Pati, Ilaria
Villano, Umbertina
Adriani, Daniela
D’Angiò, Agnese
Tritarelli, Elena
Taffon, Stefania
Bellino, Stefania
Boros, Stefano
Urciuoli, Roberta
Masiello, Francesca
Marano, Giuseppe
Bruni, Roberto
Pezzotti, Patrizio
Ciccaglione, Anna Rita
Pupella, Simonetta
De Angelis, Vincenzo
Pisani, Giulio
author_facet Spada, Enea
Simeoni, Matteo
Martina, Antonio
Pati, Ilaria
Villano, Umbertina
Adriani, Daniela
D’Angiò, Agnese
Tritarelli, Elena
Taffon, Stefania
Bellino, Stefania
Boros, Stefano
Urciuoli, Roberta
Masiello, Francesca
Marano, Giuseppe
Bruni, Roberto
Pezzotti, Patrizio
Ciccaglione, Anna Rita
Pupella, Simonetta
De Angelis, Vincenzo
Pisani, Giulio
author_sort Spada, Enea
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In high-income countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is mainly a zoonosis. However, it is also transfusion-transmissible and some countries, but not Italy, have introduced HEV screening for blood donations. AIM: We assessed HEV infection prevalence and risk factors in a nationwide sample of Italian blood donors. METHODS: We selected 107 blood establishments (BE) distributed in the 20 Italian regions by a stratified two-stage design and invited them to participate in the study. Donors were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM and HEV RNA. Sociodemographic data and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 60 BE from 60 provinces in 19 Italian regions joined the study. We assessed HEV markers in 7,172 blood donors, of whom 6,235 completed the questionnaire. Overall crude and adjusted anti-HEV IgG prevalences were 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Overall anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 0.5%, while no blood donor was HEV RNA-positive. Anti-HEV IgG prevalence varied widely among regions (range: 1.3%–27.20%) and hyperendemic prevalences (> 40%) were detected in some provinces in two regions. Older age (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.36–2.41), foreign nationality (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.06–7.24), eating raw pork liver sausages (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.55–3.20) and raw homemade sausages (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 2.50–5.24) were independent infection predictors. CONCLUSION: Italian blood donors showed a low to moderate HEV seroprevalence. High levels in some regions and/or provinces were mainly attributable to eating habits. Prevention should include avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat and safe production of commercial pork products.
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spelling pubmed-91646742022-06-14 Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019 Spada, Enea Simeoni, Matteo Martina, Antonio Pati, Ilaria Villano, Umbertina Adriani, Daniela D’Angiò, Agnese Tritarelli, Elena Taffon, Stefania Bellino, Stefania Boros, Stefano Urciuoli, Roberta Masiello, Francesca Marano, Giuseppe Bruni, Roberto Pezzotti, Patrizio Ciccaglione, Anna Rita Pupella, Simonetta De Angelis, Vincenzo Pisani, Giulio Euro Surveill Research BACKGROUND: In high-income countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is mainly a zoonosis. However, it is also transfusion-transmissible and some countries, but not Italy, have introduced HEV screening for blood donations. AIM: We assessed HEV infection prevalence and risk factors in a nationwide sample of Italian blood donors. METHODS: We selected 107 blood establishments (BE) distributed in the 20 Italian regions by a stratified two-stage design and invited them to participate in the study. Donors were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM and HEV RNA. Sociodemographic data and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 60 BE from 60 provinces in 19 Italian regions joined the study. We assessed HEV markers in 7,172 blood donors, of whom 6,235 completed the questionnaire. Overall crude and adjusted anti-HEV IgG prevalences were 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Overall anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 0.5%, while no blood donor was HEV RNA-positive. Anti-HEV IgG prevalence varied widely among regions (range: 1.3%–27.20%) and hyperendemic prevalences (> 40%) were detected in some provinces in two regions. Older age (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.36–2.41), foreign nationality (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.06–7.24), eating raw pork liver sausages (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.55–3.20) and raw homemade sausages (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 2.50–5.24) were independent infection predictors. CONCLUSION: Italian blood donors showed a low to moderate HEV seroprevalence. High levels in some regions and/or provinces were mainly attributable to eating habits. Prevention should include avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat and safe production of commercial pork products. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2022-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9164674/ /pubmed/35656832 http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2100516 Text en This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2022. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Research
Spada, Enea
Simeoni, Matteo
Martina, Antonio
Pati, Ilaria
Villano, Umbertina
Adriani, Daniela
D’Angiò, Agnese
Tritarelli, Elena
Taffon, Stefania
Bellino, Stefania
Boros, Stefano
Urciuoli, Roberta
Masiello, Francesca
Marano, Giuseppe
Bruni, Roberto
Pezzotti, Patrizio
Ciccaglione, Anna Rita
Pupella, Simonetta
De Angelis, Vincenzo
Pisani, Giulio
Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title_full Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title_short Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019
title_sort prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis e virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in italy, 2017 to 2019
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9164674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656832
http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2100516
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