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The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale
INTRODUCTION: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been one of the most commonly consumed herbal medicines for a long time to treat several common diseases. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and many bioactive compounds in ginger have been identified previously, which could be used as an al...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9166953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35668854 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S364175 |
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author | Ahmed, Naveed Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Yousaf, Anam Mohamed, Roshan Noor Arshad, Sohaib Basheer, Syed Nahid Peeran, Syed Wali Noorani, Tahir Yusuf Assiry, Ali A Alharbi, Abdulaziz S Yean, Chan Yean |
author_facet | Ahmed, Naveed Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Yousaf, Anam Mohamed, Roshan Noor Arshad, Sohaib Basheer, Syed Nahid Peeran, Syed Wali Noorani, Tahir Yusuf Assiry, Ali A Alharbi, Abdulaziz S Yean, Chan Yean |
author_sort | Ahmed, Naveed |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been one of the most commonly consumed herbal medicines for a long time to treat several common diseases. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and many bioactive compounds in ginger have been identified previously, which could be used as an alternative method to treat many infectious diseases. METHODS: The current study evaluates ginger’s biochemical profile using qualitative and quantitative analysis and its bioactive potentials using antioxidant and antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans and selective oral microbes. HPLC analysis was performed for the quantitative analysis. DPPH and disc diffusion assays were used for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity was checked against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. All solvents were removed by rotary evaporation before testing the dried extracts. RESULTS: The observed IC(50) value showed that distilled water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (43.9), followed by ethanol extract (52.4), and the lowest activity was observed in n-butanol extract (91.2) and n-hexane (90.6). Different plant extracts have shown significant antibacterial activity (p = 0.001) against each bacterium. The highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed in n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts. In comparison, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts showed low antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes that Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) against Gram-positive bacteria is an effective antimicrobial herb. Furthermore, it can be used as a potential natural source of antioxidants. Further studies on the toxicity analysis of ginger are recommended. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9166953 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91669532022-06-05 The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale Ahmed, Naveed Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Yousaf, Anam Mohamed, Roshan Noor Arshad, Sohaib Basheer, Syed Nahid Peeran, Syed Wali Noorani, Tahir Yusuf Assiry, Ali A Alharbi, Abdulaziz S Yean, Chan Yean Infect Drug Resist Original Research INTRODUCTION: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been one of the most commonly consumed herbal medicines for a long time to treat several common diseases. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and many bioactive compounds in ginger have been identified previously, which could be used as an alternative method to treat many infectious diseases. METHODS: The current study evaluates ginger’s biochemical profile using qualitative and quantitative analysis and its bioactive potentials using antioxidant and antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans and selective oral microbes. HPLC analysis was performed for the quantitative analysis. DPPH and disc diffusion assays were used for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity was checked against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. All solvents were removed by rotary evaporation before testing the dried extracts. RESULTS: The observed IC(50) value showed that distilled water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (43.9), followed by ethanol extract (52.4), and the lowest activity was observed in n-butanol extract (91.2) and n-hexane (90.6). Different plant extracts have shown significant antibacterial activity (p = 0.001) against each bacterium. The highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed in n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts. In comparison, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts showed low antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes that Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) against Gram-positive bacteria is an effective antimicrobial herb. Furthermore, it can be used as a potential natural source of antioxidants. Further studies on the toxicity analysis of ginger are recommended. Dove 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9166953/ /pubmed/35668854 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S364175 Text en © 2022 Ahmed et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Ahmed, Naveed Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Yousaf, Anam Mohamed, Roshan Noor Arshad, Sohaib Basheer, Syed Nahid Peeran, Syed Wali Noorani, Tahir Yusuf Assiry, Ali A Alharbi, Abdulaziz S Yean, Chan Yean The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title | The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title_full | The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title_fullStr | The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title_full_unstemmed | The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title_short | The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale |
title_sort | antimicrobial efficacy against selective oral microbes, antioxidant activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of zingiber officinale |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9166953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35668854 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S364175 |
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