Application of piecewise fractional differential equation to COVID-19 infection dynamics

We proposed a new mathematical model to study the COVID-19 infection in piecewise fractional differential equations. The model was initially designed using the classical differential equations and later we extend it to the fractional case. We consider the infected cases generated at health care and formulate the model first in integer order. We extend the model into Caputo fractional differential equation and study its background mathematical results. We show that the fractional model is locally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text] at the disease-free case. For [Formula: see text] , we show the global asymptotical stability of the model. We consider the infected cases in Saudi Arabia and determine the parameters of the model. We show that for the real cases, the basic reproduction is [Formula: see text]. We further extend the Caputo model into piecewise stochastic fractional differential equations and discuss the procedure for its numerical simulation. Numerical simulations for the Caputo case and piecewise models are shown in detail.