The role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study in the Sidoarjo Regional General Hospital

INTRODUCTION: hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) may contribute to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The underlying mechanisms are not well understood, but other than dietary intake factors, hyperhomocysteinemia may genetically result from a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess whether this mutation was a potential genetic risk factor for CAD. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was performed on 30 CAD patients and 30 normal healthy controls at Sidoarjo Regional General Hospital. The polymorphisms of the MTHFR C677T gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and plasma homocysteine was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and then compared between CAD patients and control subjects by the multivariate logistical regression model. RESULTS: results from an independent sample t-test analysis showed that plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to the control group individuals (13.91 ± 4.55 μmol/L vs 10.97 ± 3.45 μmol/L; p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and other risk factors, such as age at diagnosis with acute coronary syndrome, sex, smoking, lipid profile, diabetes, hypertension, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and homocysteine (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis models, the C677T genotype frequencies were insignificantly different between CAD patients and control subjects (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the results of adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value for homocysteine, age, and smoking were aOR: 1.264, 95% CI : 1.042-1.535, p = 0.018; aOR: 0.916, 95% CI: 0.842-0.997, p = 0.043, and aOR: 5.428, 95% CI 1.532-19.226, p = 0.009, respectively. Homocysteine, age, and smoking were significantly different between CAD patients and control subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: hyperhomocysteinemiais significantly correlated with an increased risk of CAD, but MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism might not contribute to increased CAD risk.