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Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects

The different treatment options for carcinoma cervix include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments. Cytological analysis of smears is crucial for patient follow-up to determine response to therapy and to diagnose the persistence or recurrence of malignancy. Anatomical alterations and chan...

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Autores principales: Poflee, Sandhya V., Bhatia, Jasvinder Kaur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Scientific Scholar 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9168396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35673693
http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/CMAS_03_12_2021
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author Poflee, Sandhya V.
Bhatia, Jasvinder Kaur
author_facet Poflee, Sandhya V.
Bhatia, Jasvinder Kaur
author_sort Poflee, Sandhya V.
collection PubMed
description The different treatment options for carcinoma cervix include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments. Cytological analysis of smears is crucial for patient follow-up to determine response to therapy and to diagnose the persistence or recurrence of malignancy. Anatomical alterations and changes in cell morphology following radiation or chemotherapy make collecting and interpreting cervical cytology samples difficult. These issues can be mitigated by liquid-based cytology. Ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy (RT) to kill cells. It is important that cytologists are aware of alterations in morphology of the cells. Radiation can cause cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. Cellular enlargement, vacuolation, granularity loss, and other changes linked with cell death are examples of cytoplasmic alterations. Nuclear enlargement and multinucleation are the most frequent nuclear alterations. These changes are determined by the amount of time that has passed since radiation. It should be emphasized that no one characteristic is pathognomonic. Post-irradiation dysplasia is a condition described as abnormal cellular changes in non-neoplastic epithelial cells after RT. Chemotherapy causes comparable alterations as radiation but impacts fewer cells. Busulfan and other chemotherapeutic treatments may produce morphological alterations, which cytologists must be aware of and able to identify. Immunosuppressive treatments, hormonal therapy, and tamoxifen are some of the other drugs that might cause changes in cervical morphology. Surgical methods used in the detection and treatment of cervical cancer may potentially cause alterations as a result of thermal damage and healing. For the treatment of cervical lesions, electrocautery and the loop electrosurgical excisional procedure are available. These procedures employ electric current ablation leading to ischemic changes in the cervical smear. Cytological analysis of smears following treatment with these modalities necessitates a comprehensive history, kind of therapy, and duration of treatment.
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spelling pubmed-91683962022-06-06 Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects Poflee, Sandhya V. Bhatia, Jasvinder Kaur Cytojournal CytoJournal Monograph Related Review Series The different treatment options for carcinoma cervix include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments. Cytological analysis of smears is crucial for patient follow-up to determine response to therapy and to diagnose the persistence or recurrence of malignancy. Anatomical alterations and changes in cell morphology following radiation or chemotherapy make collecting and interpreting cervical cytology samples difficult. These issues can be mitigated by liquid-based cytology. Ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy (RT) to kill cells. It is important that cytologists are aware of alterations in morphology of the cells. Radiation can cause cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. Cellular enlargement, vacuolation, granularity loss, and other changes linked with cell death are examples of cytoplasmic alterations. Nuclear enlargement and multinucleation are the most frequent nuclear alterations. These changes are determined by the amount of time that has passed since radiation. It should be emphasized that no one characteristic is pathognomonic. Post-irradiation dysplasia is a condition described as abnormal cellular changes in non-neoplastic epithelial cells after RT. Chemotherapy causes comparable alterations as radiation but impacts fewer cells. Busulfan and other chemotherapeutic treatments may produce morphological alterations, which cytologists must be aware of and able to identify. Immunosuppressive treatments, hormonal therapy, and tamoxifen are some of the other drugs that might cause changes in cervical morphology. Surgical methods used in the detection and treatment of cervical cancer may potentially cause alterations as a result of thermal damage and healing. For the treatment of cervical lesions, electrocautery and the loop electrosurgical excisional procedure are available. These procedures employ electric current ablation leading to ischemic changes in the cervical smear. Cytological analysis of smears following treatment with these modalities necessitates a comprehensive history, kind of therapy, and duration of treatment. Scientific Scholar 2022-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9168396/ /pubmed/35673693 http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/CMAS_03_12_2021 Text en © 2022 Cytopathology Foundation Inc, Published by Scientific Scholar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle CytoJournal Monograph Related Review Series
Poflee, Sandhya V.
Bhatia, Jasvinder Kaur
Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title_full Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title_fullStr Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title_full_unstemmed Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title_short Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
title_sort cervical cytology: radiation and other therapy effects
topic CytoJournal Monograph Related Review Series
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9168396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35673693
http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/CMAS_03_12_2021
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