Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Benin: Incidence, severity and its whitefly abundance from field surveys in 2020

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is the main threat to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in Benin. This study was conducted to assess CMD incidence, disease severity, and adult whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations in 11 regions of Benin. A total of 180 cassava fields across the country were assessed during June–December 2020 following the harmonized protocol of the Central and West African Virus Epidemiology program. Based on symptoms observation, CMD was present in all surveyed fields in Ouémé and Alibori regions. The highest disease incidence levels were observed in Malanville (100%), Kpomassè (86.67%), Kandi and Zagnanado (both 81.67%), Ségbanan (80%), and Avrankou (76.67%) districts. The highest mean severity scores were in Couffo (3.68), Mono (3.63), and Atlantique (3.33) regions, while the lowest was in Alibori (2.37). Adult whitefly populations (mean number/plant) were highest in Couffo (15.88) and Mono (13.00) regions and lowest in Donga (0.06). Significant relationships were found between CMD severity and whitefly abundance (P = 0.0010) but there was no significant relationship between whitefly numbers and CMD incidence (P = 0.0577). These findings indicate that CMD has expanded its range across Benin. They also provide a basis for designing a response strategy for the control of cassava virus diseases such as CMD.