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Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin (AZM), sold under the name Zithromax, is classified as a macrolide. It has many benefits due to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. This review aims to study different clinical and biochemisterial aspects and properties of this drug which has...

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Autores principales: Heidary, Mohsen, Ebrahimi Samangani, Ahmad, Kargari, Abolfazl, Kiani Nejad, Aliakbar, Yashmi, Ilya, Motahar, Moloudsadat, Taki, Elahe, Khoshnood, Saeed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9169196/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24427
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author Heidary, Mohsen
Ebrahimi Samangani, Ahmad
Kargari, Abolfazl
Kiani Nejad, Aliakbar
Yashmi, Ilya
Motahar, Moloudsadat
Taki, Elahe
Khoshnood, Saeed
author_facet Heidary, Mohsen
Ebrahimi Samangani, Ahmad
Kargari, Abolfazl
Kiani Nejad, Aliakbar
Yashmi, Ilya
Motahar, Moloudsadat
Taki, Elahe
Khoshnood, Saeed
author_sort Heidary, Mohsen
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Azithromycin (AZM), sold under the name Zithromax, is classified as a macrolide. It has many benefits due to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. This review aims to study different clinical and biochemisterial aspects and properties of this drug which has a priority based on literature published worldwide. METHODS: Several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to obtain the relevant studies. RESULTS: AZM mechanism of action including the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of neutrophil infestation, and macrophage polarization alteration, gives it the ability to act against a wide range of microorganisms. Resistant organisms are spreading and being developed because of the irrational use of the drug in the case of dose and duration. AZM shows synergistic effects with other drugs against a variety of organisms. This macrolide is considered a valuable antimicrobial agent because of its use as a treatment for a vast range of diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, enteric infections, STIs, and periodontal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an increasing global prevalence of AZM resistance. Thus, synergistic combinations are recommended to treat different pathogens. Moreover, continuous monitoring of AZM resistance by registry centers and the development of more rapid diagnostic assays are urgently needed.
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spelling pubmed-91691962022-06-07 Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin Heidary, Mohsen Ebrahimi Samangani, Ahmad Kargari, Abolfazl Kiani Nejad, Aliakbar Yashmi, Ilya Motahar, Moloudsadat Taki, Elahe Khoshnood, Saeed J Clin Lab Anal Review Article BACKGROUND: Azithromycin (AZM), sold under the name Zithromax, is classified as a macrolide. It has many benefits due to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. This review aims to study different clinical and biochemisterial aspects and properties of this drug which has a priority based on literature published worldwide. METHODS: Several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to obtain the relevant studies. RESULTS: AZM mechanism of action including the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of neutrophil infestation, and macrophage polarization alteration, gives it the ability to act against a wide range of microorganisms. Resistant organisms are spreading and being developed because of the irrational use of the drug in the case of dose and duration. AZM shows synergistic effects with other drugs against a variety of organisms. This macrolide is considered a valuable antimicrobial agent because of its use as a treatment for a vast range of diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, enteric infections, STIs, and periodontal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an increasing global prevalence of AZM resistance. Thus, synergistic combinations are recommended to treat different pathogens. Moreover, continuous monitoring of AZM resistance by registry centers and the development of more rapid diagnostic assays are urgently needed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9169196/ /pubmed/35447019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24427 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Heidary, Mohsen
Ebrahimi Samangani, Ahmad
Kargari, Abolfazl
Kiani Nejad, Aliakbar
Yashmi, Ilya
Motahar, Moloudsadat
Taki, Elahe
Khoshnood, Saeed
Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title_full Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title_fullStr Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title_full_unstemmed Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title_short Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
title_sort mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9169196/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24427
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