Development of six immune‐related lncRNA signature prognostic model for smoking‐positive lung adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the most hazardous risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Many survival and prognosis‐related biomarkers were discovered using database mining. However, the precision of immune‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) predictions is insufficient. We identified a novel signature to improve the estimate of smoking‐related LUAD prognosis. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) was used to obtain the LUAD lncRNA expression profiles. The smoking‐related LUAD cohort was randomly split into discovery and validation cohorts. To determine the risk score, use the LASSO Cox regression technique on the prognostic immune‐related lncRNA. The risk signature has been developed. RESULTS: A total of 643 immune‐related lncRNAs were identified as potential candidates for a risk signature. Finally, six immune‐related lncRNAs (AL359915.2, AP000695.1, HSPC324, TGFB2‐AS1, AC026355.1, and AC002128.2) were identified and used to carry out risk signature, which showed a close association with overall survival in the discovery cohort. We classified patients as high risk or low risk based on a median risk score of 1.0783. In the discovery cohort, overall survival was marginally longer in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk category (p = 2.28e08). The area under the curves (AUC) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival was 0.67, 0.7, and 0.82, respectively. Furthermore, we successfully validated and combined cohorts using this risk profile. We discovered a strong positive connection between HSPC324 and VIPR1 as a possible novel biomarker for smoking‐related LUAD development in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Our research has established a six immune‐lncRNA signature that may be used to predict the prognosis of smoking‐related LUAD with great accuracy.