The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy

In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Celi, Giuseppe, Guarascio, Dario, Reljic, Jelena, Simonazzi, Annamaria, Zezza, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Forum
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170497/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2
Descripción
Sumario:In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by the increase in gas and solid fuels.

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