The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy

In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by...

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Autores principales: Celi, Giuseppe, Guarascio, Dario, Reljic, Jelena, Simonazzi, Annamaria, Zezza, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Forum
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170497/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2
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author Celi, Giuseppe
Guarascio, Dario
Reljic, Jelena
Simonazzi, Annamaria
Zezza, Francesco
author_facet Celi, Giuseppe
Guarascio, Dario
Reljic, Jelena
Simonazzi, Annamaria
Zezza, Francesco
author_sort Celi, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by the increase in gas and solid fuels.
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spelling pubmed-91704972022-06-07 The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy Celi, Giuseppe Guarascio, Dario Reljic, Jelena Simonazzi, Annamaria Zezza, Francesco Intereconomics Forum In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by the increase in gas and solid fuels. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-06-07 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9170497/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Open Access funding provided by ZBW — Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
spellingShingle Forum
Celi, Giuseppe
Guarascio, Dario
Reljic, Jelena
Simonazzi, Annamaria
Zezza, Francesco
The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title_full The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title_fullStr The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title_full_unstemmed The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title_short The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
title_sort asymmetric impact of war: resilience, vulnerability and implications for eu policy
topic Forum
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170497/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2
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