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In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses

Corticosterone is critical for the maturation and survival of chicken fetus around hatching. Betaine is used as a feed additive in poultry industry to promote growth and mitigate stress. However, it remains unknown whether betaine could affect adrenal corticosterone synthesis in pre-hatching chicken...

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Autores principales: Abobaker, Halima, Omer, Nagmeldin A., Hu, Yun, Idriss, Abdulrahman A., Zhao, Ruqian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35487119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101871
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author Abobaker, Halima
Omer, Nagmeldin A.
Hu, Yun
Idriss, Abdulrahman A.
Zhao, Ruqian
author_facet Abobaker, Halima
Omer, Nagmeldin A.
Hu, Yun
Idriss, Abdulrahman A.
Zhao, Ruqian
author_sort Abobaker, Halima
collection PubMed
description Corticosterone is critical for the maturation and survival of chicken fetus around hatching. Betaine is used as a feed additive in poultry industry to promote growth and mitigate stress. However, it remains unknown whether betaine could affect adrenal corticosterone synthesis in pre-hatching chicken fetuses. In this study, betaine (2.5 mg/egg) was injected into developing chicken fetuses at d 11 of incubation (E11) and its impact on adrenal steroidogenesis was investigated at day 19 (E19). Plasma corticosterone concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in betaine-treated fetuses, together with increased adrenal expression of melanocortin 2 receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Accordingly, the corticosterone biosynthetic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2, as well as cholesterol biosynthesis or regulation-related genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor, were all significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in betaine group. Meanwhile, steroidogenic factor-1 and glucocorticoid receptor were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced, whereas expression of dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome gene, a nuclear receptor known as a repressor of adrenal steroidogenesis, was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated. Betaine significantly (P < 0.05) increased adrenal expression of genes involved in one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, such as S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase, betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase, methionine adenosyl transferase and DNA methyltransferases, yet the promoter regions of most steroidogenic genes were significantly (P < 0.05) hypomethylated. These results indicate that in ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in chicken fetuses before hatching, which involves alterations in DNA methylation.
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spelling pubmed-91709342022-06-08 In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses Abobaker, Halima Omer, Nagmeldin A. Hu, Yun Idriss, Abdulrahman A. Zhao, Ruqian Poult Sci METABOLISM AND NUTRITION Corticosterone is critical for the maturation and survival of chicken fetus around hatching. Betaine is used as a feed additive in poultry industry to promote growth and mitigate stress. However, it remains unknown whether betaine could affect adrenal corticosterone synthesis in pre-hatching chicken fetuses. In this study, betaine (2.5 mg/egg) was injected into developing chicken fetuses at d 11 of incubation (E11) and its impact on adrenal steroidogenesis was investigated at day 19 (E19). Plasma corticosterone concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in betaine-treated fetuses, together with increased adrenal expression of melanocortin 2 receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Accordingly, the corticosterone biosynthetic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2, as well as cholesterol biosynthesis or regulation-related genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor, were all significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in betaine group. Meanwhile, steroidogenic factor-1 and glucocorticoid receptor were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced, whereas expression of dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome gene, a nuclear receptor known as a repressor of adrenal steroidogenesis, was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated. Betaine significantly (P < 0.05) increased adrenal expression of genes involved in one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, such as S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase, betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase, methionine adenosyl transferase and DNA methyltransferases, yet the promoter regions of most steroidogenic genes were significantly (P < 0.05) hypomethylated. These results indicate that in ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in chicken fetuses before hatching, which involves alterations in DNA methylation. Elsevier 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9170934/ /pubmed/35487119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101871 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle METABOLISM AND NUTRITION
Abobaker, Halima
Omer, Nagmeldin A.
Hu, Yun
Idriss, Abdulrahman A.
Zhao, Ruqian
In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title_full In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title_fullStr In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title_full_unstemmed In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title_short In ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
title_sort in ovo injection of betaine promotes adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-hatched chicken fetuses
topic METABOLISM AND NUTRITION
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35487119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101871
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