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Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous spa...

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Autores principales: Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Cano, Jaime González, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9171791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35533277
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119
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author Womersley, Freya C.
Humphries, Nicolas E.
Queiroz, Nuno
Vedor, Marisa
da Costa, Ivo
Furtado, Miguel
Tyminski, John P.
Abrantes, Katya
Araujo, Gonzalo
Bach, Steffen S.
Barnett, Adam
Berumen, Michael L.
Bessudo Lion, Sandra
Braun, Camrin D.
Clingham, Elizabeth
Cochran, Jesse E. M.
de la Parra, Rafael
Diamant, Stella
Dove, Alistair D. M.
Dudgeon, Christine L.
Erdmann, Mark V.
Espinoza, Eduardo
Fitzpatrick, Richard
Cano, Jaime González
Green, Jonathan R.
Guzman, Hector M.
Hardenstine, Royale
Hasan, Abdi
Hazin, Fábio H. V.
Hearn, Alex R.
Hueter, Robert E.
Jaidah, Mohammed Y.
Labaja, Jessica
Ladino, Felipe
Macena, Bruno C. L.
Morris, John J.
Norman, Bradley M.
Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar
Pierce, Simon J.
Quintero, Lina M.
Ramírez-Macías, Dení
Reynolds, Samantha D.
Richardson, Anthony J.
Robinson, David P.
Rohner, Christoph A.
Rowat, David R. L.
Sheaves, Marcus
Shivji, Mahmood S.
Sianipar, Abraham B.
Skomal, Gregory B.
Soler, German
Syakurachman, Ismail
Thorrold, Simon R.
Webb, D. Harry
Wetherbee, Bradley M.
White, Timothy D.
Clavelle, Tyler
Kroodsma, David A.
Thums, Michele
Ferreira, Luciana C.
Meekan, Mark G.
Arrowsmith, Lucy M.
Lester, Emily K.
Meyers, Megan M.
Peel, Lauren R.
Sequeira, Ana M. M.
Eguíluz, Victor M.
Duarte, Carlos M.
Sims, David W.
author_facet Womersley, Freya C.
Humphries, Nicolas E.
Queiroz, Nuno
Vedor, Marisa
da Costa, Ivo
Furtado, Miguel
Tyminski, John P.
Abrantes, Katya
Araujo, Gonzalo
Bach, Steffen S.
Barnett, Adam
Berumen, Michael L.
Bessudo Lion, Sandra
Braun, Camrin D.
Clingham, Elizabeth
Cochran, Jesse E. M.
de la Parra, Rafael
Diamant, Stella
Dove, Alistair D. M.
Dudgeon, Christine L.
Erdmann, Mark V.
Espinoza, Eduardo
Fitzpatrick, Richard
Cano, Jaime González
Green, Jonathan R.
Guzman, Hector M.
Hardenstine, Royale
Hasan, Abdi
Hazin, Fábio H. V.
Hearn, Alex R.
Hueter, Robert E.
Jaidah, Mohammed Y.
Labaja, Jessica
Ladino, Felipe
Macena, Bruno C. L.
Morris, John J.
Norman, Bradley M.
Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar
Pierce, Simon J.
Quintero, Lina M.
Ramírez-Macías, Dení
Reynolds, Samantha D.
Richardson, Anthony J.
Robinson, David P.
Rohner, Christoph A.
Rowat, David R. L.
Sheaves, Marcus
Shivji, Mahmood S.
Sianipar, Abraham B.
Skomal, Gregory B.
Soler, German
Syakurachman, Ismail
Thorrold, Simon R.
Webb, D. Harry
Wetherbee, Bradley M.
White, Timothy D.
Clavelle, Tyler
Kroodsma, David A.
Thums, Michele
Ferreira, Luciana C.
Meekan, Mark G.
Arrowsmith, Lucy M.
Lester, Emily K.
Meyers, Megan M.
Peel, Lauren R.
Sequeira, Ana M. M.
Eguíluz, Victor M.
Duarte, Carlos M.
Sims, David W.
author_sort Womersley, Freya C.
collection PubMed
description Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.
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spelling pubmed-91717912022-06-08 Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark Womersley, Freya C. Humphries, Nicolas E. Queiroz, Nuno Vedor, Marisa da Costa, Ivo Furtado, Miguel Tyminski, John P. Abrantes, Katya Araujo, Gonzalo Bach, Steffen S. Barnett, Adam Berumen, Michael L. Bessudo Lion, Sandra Braun, Camrin D. Clingham, Elizabeth Cochran, Jesse E. M. de la Parra, Rafael Diamant, Stella Dove, Alistair D. M. Dudgeon, Christine L. Erdmann, Mark V. Espinoza, Eduardo Fitzpatrick, Richard Cano, Jaime González Green, Jonathan R. Guzman, Hector M. Hardenstine, Royale Hasan, Abdi Hazin, Fábio H. V. Hearn, Alex R. Hueter, Robert E. Jaidah, Mohammed Y. Labaja, Jessica Ladino, Felipe Macena, Bruno C. L. Morris, John J. Norman, Bradley M. Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar Pierce, Simon J. Quintero, Lina M. Ramírez-Macías, Dení Reynolds, Samantha D. Richardson, Anthony J. Robinson, David P. Rohner, Christoph A. Rowat, David R. L. Sheaves, Marcus Shivji, Mahmood S. Sianipar, Abraham B. Skomal, Gregory B. Soler, German Syakurachman, Ismail Thorrold, Simon R. Webb, D. Harry Wetherbee, Bradley M. White, Timothy D. Clavelle, Tyler Kroodsma, David A. Thums, Michele Ferreira, Luciana C. Meekan, Mark G. Arrowsmith, Lucy M. Lester, Emily K. Meyers, Megan M. Peel, Lauren R. Sequeira, Ana M. M. Eguíluz, Victor M. Duarte, Carlos M. Sims, David W. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic. National Academy of Sciences 2022-05-09 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9171791/ /pubmed/35533277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Womersley, Freya C.
Humphries, Nicolas E.
Queiroz, Nuno
Vedor, Marisa
da Costa, Ivo
Furtado, Miguel
Tyminski, John P.
Abrantes, Katya
Araujo, Gonzalo
Bach, Steffen S.
Barnett, Adam
Berumen, Michael L.
Bessudo Lion, Sandra
Braun, Camrin D.
Clingham, Elizabeth
Cochran, Jesse E. M.
de la Parra, Rafael
Diamant, Stella
Dove, Alistair D. M.
Dudgeon, Christine L.
Erdmann, Mark V.
Espinoza, Eduardo
Fitzpatrick, Richard
Cano, Jaime González
Green, Jonathan R.
Guzman, Hector M.
Hardenstine, Royale
Hasan, Abdi
Hazin, Fábio H. V.
Hearn, Alex R.
Hueter, Robert E.
Jaidah, Mohammed Y.
Labaja, Jessica
Ladino, Felipe
Macena, Bruno C. L.
Morris, John J.
Norman, Bradley M.
Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar
Pierce, Simon J.
Quintero, Lina M.
Ramírez-Macías, Dení
Reynolds, Samantha D.
Richardson, Anthony J.
Robinson, David P.
Rohner, Christoph A.
Rowat, David R. L.
Sheaves, Marcus
Shivji, Mahmood S.
Sianipar, Abraham B.
Skomal, Gregory B.
Soler, German
Syakurachman, Ismail
Thorrold, Simon R.
Webb, D. Harry
Wetherbee, Bradley M.
White, Timothy D.
Clavelle, Tyler
Kroodsma, David A.
Thums, Michele
Ferreira, Luciana C.
Meekan, Mark G.
Arrowsmith, Lucy M.
Lester, Emily K.
Meyers, Megan M.
Peel, Lauren R.
Sequeira, Ana M. M.
Eguíluz, Victor M.
Duarte, Carlos M.
Sims, David W.
Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title_full Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title_fullStr Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title_full_unstemmed Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title_short Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
title_sort global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9171791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35533277
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119
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