Clinicopathological and Genomic Features of Pediatric Intracranial Myxoid Mesenchymal Tumor with both of EWSR1-CREM Gene Fusion and MAP3K13 Mutation: A Case Report and Comparison with Adult Cases in the Literature

Intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors (IMMTs) with EWSR1-CREB1 family gene fusion are rare brain neoplasms characterized by gene fusion between the EWSR1 gene and one of the cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) family transcription factor (CREB1, ATF1, or CREM) genes. Although half of reported cases are pediatric, the clinical, histologic, and genomic features of IMMTs with EWSR1 rearrangement in pediatric populations are not yet well clarified. Here we describe the case of a 7-year-old girl who presented with seizures due to an extra-axial tumor in the left parietal convexity. Gross total resection was achieved, and the tumor displayed a multilobular structure with solid hypercellular and myxoid hypocellular areas, separated by a variable amount of stroma. The hypercellular areas consisted of round to polygonal cells, whereas the myxoid areas were ovoid to spindled cells. Immunophenotypically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, and EMA. Next-generation sequencing of tumoral DNA revealed EWSR1-CREM gene fusion and a pathogenic mutation of MAP3K13. No recurrence was detected 9 months after resection, without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In comparison to other pediatric and adult patients with EWSR1 rearrangement, many clinical, radiological, and immunohistochemical features were shared. However, signs of elevated intracranial pressure were more frequently observed, and postoperative radiation was less frequently administered for pediatric patients. Gross total resection (GTR) was the key prognostic factor for better disease control especially among pediatric patients. Further reports of cases with EWSR1 rearrangement with detailed genetic profiles are essential for clarifying the oncogenic pathway and establishing a standard treatment strategy.