Bonding CAD/CAM materials with current adhesive systems: An overview

OBJECTIVE: Overview of the updated literature on the classification of adhesives systems and CAD/CAM materials with clinical guidelines to condition various surfaces for bonding to the tooth structure. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. RESULTS: 240 papers were revised, 150 articles were excluded, and 90 were eligible for the review. Most studies concluded the essentiality of bonding E-max, zirconia, and hybrid materials to enhance fracture toughness and fatigue resistance. The success of ceramic bonding depends on the microstructure and surface treatment of the materials. The proper treatment of the intaglio starts with using alumina oxide or hydrofluoric acid. This initial treatment could be followed by monobond salinization, which improves the chemical adhesion. Zirconia-based ceramics have grown lately and become the most prescribed for posterior and anterior teeth. Zirconia can be bonded to the tooth structure using the APC concept and 10 MDP promoting primers. Three hundred adhesive resin systems are currently available in the market, and each is different in chemical composition and clinical bonding strength. Of the three hundred systems, the total-etch system remains the gold standard, especially on the enamel surface. The self-etch adhesive system is favorable on dentin due to lowering the postoperative sensitivity. A new generation of dentin adhesives, called universal or multi-mode adhesives. This system has become popular and can be used either as etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesives. CONCLUSION: The chemistry of adhesive systems has changed across generations. The variation of dental tissue is the decisive factor in selecting adhesive systems, resin cement, and ceramic materials. Moreover, a reliable bonding strength necessitates a perfect surface treatment and bonding promoter for tooth and CAD/CAM materials.