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Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and generally this disease has a benign course and resolves spontaneously. However, intrahepatic and rarer extrahepatic manifestations can complicate typical cases of acute hepatitis. Pleural effusion is an ext...

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Autores principales: Zalloum, Jihad Samer, Alzughayyar, Tareq Z., Abunejma, Fawzy M., Mayadma, Ibba, Tomeh, Layan Ziad, Abulaila, Karim Jamal, Yagmour, Asil Husam, Faris, Khalid Jamal, Aramin, Mohammed A. S., Mesk, Mo’min Ra’id, Hasani, Asala Khalil, Shawer, Balqis Mustafa, Titi, Rawand Hisham, Aljuba, Ayat A. Z., Alzeerelhouseini, Hussam I. A., Zatari, Yousef I. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9178849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35676712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-022-03449-w
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author Zalloum, Jihad Samer
Alzughayyar, Tareq Z.
Abunejma, Fawzy M.
Mayadma, Ibba
Tomeh, Layan Ziad
Abulaila, Karim Jamal
Yagmour, Asil Husam
Faris, Khalid Jamal
Aramin, Mohammed A. S.
Mesk, Mo’min Ra’id
Hasani, Asala Khalil
Shawer, Balqis Mustafa
Titi, Rawand Hisham
Aljuba, Ayat A. Z.
Alzeerelhouseini, Hussam I. A.
Zatari, Yousef I. M.
author_facet Zalloum, Jihad Samer
Alzughayyar, Tareq Z.
Abunejma, Fawzy M.
Mayadma, Ibba
Tomeh, Layan Ziad
Abulaila, Karim Jamal
Yagmour, Asil Husam
Faris, Khalid Jamal
Aramin, Mohammed A. S.
Mesk, Mo’min Ra’id
Hasani, Asala Khalil
Shawer, Balqis Mustafa
Titi, Rawand Hisham
Aljuba, Ayat A. Z.
Alzeerelhouseini, Hussam I. A.
Zatari, Yousef I. M.
author_sort Zalloum, Jihad Samer
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and generally this disease has a benign course and resolves spontaneously. However, intrahepatic and rarer extrahepatic manifestations can complicate typical cases of acute hepatitis. Pleural effusion is an extremely rare extrahepatic entity with 20 cases reported in literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report herein a recent case of both pleural effusion and ascites accompanying hepatitis A infection in a 5-year-old middle eastern child, diagnosed using serological testing and imaging studies, who was treated with supportive management with full resolution after 2 weeks. In addition, we review available literature regarding hepatitis A virus associated with pleural effusion using PubMed and summarize all reported cases in a comprehensive table. RESULTS: Literature contains 20 reported cases of serology-confirmed hepatitis A virus presenting with pleural effusion, most in the pediatric population with average age at presentation of 9 years 8 months. The majority of reported patients had right-sided pleural effusion (50%) or bilateral effusion (45%), while only 5% presented with pleural effusion on the left side. Hepatomegaly and ascites occurred concurrently in 80% and 70% respectively. Supportive treatment without invasive procedures (except one chylothorax case) yielded complete recovery in 95% of cases, while only one case progressed to fulminant liver failure followed by death. CONCLUSION: Acute hepatitis A virus rarely presents with pleural effusion, usually following a benign course with spontaneous resolution in most patients. Pleural effusion does not change the prognosis or require any invasive treatment. Thus, further invasive procedures are not recommended and would only complicate this self-resolving benign condition.
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spelling pubmed-91788492022-06-10 Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature Zalloum, Jihad Samer Alzughayyar, Tareq Z. Abunejma, Fawzy M. Mayadma, Ibba Tomeh, Layan Ziad Abulaila, Karim Jamal Yagmour, Asil Husam Faris, Khalid Jamal Aramin, Mohammed A. S. Mesk, Mo’min Ra’id Hasani, Asala Khalil Shawer, Balqis Mustafa Titi, Rawand Hisham Aljuba, Ayat A. Z. Alzeerelhouseini, Hussam I. A. Zatari, Yousef I. M. J Med Case Rep Case Report INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and generally this disease has a benign course and resolves spontaneously. However, intrahepatic and rarer extrahepatic manifestations can complicate typical cases of acute hepatitis. Pleural effusion is an extremely rare extrahepatic entity with 20 cases reported in literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report herein a recent case of both pleural effusion and ascites accompanying hepatitis A infection in a 5-year-old middle eastern child, diagnosed using serological testing and imaging studies, who was treated with supportive management with full resolution after 2 weeks. In addition, we review available literature regarding hepatitis A virus associated with pleural effusion using PubMed and summarize all reported cases in a comprehensive table. RESULTS: Literature contains 20 reported cases of serology-confirmed hepatitis A virus presenting with pleural effusion, most in the pediatric population with average age at presentation of 9 years 8 months. The majority of reported patients had right-sided pleural effusion (50%) or bilateral effusion (45%), while only 5% presented with pleural effusion on the left side. Hepatomegaly and ascites occurred concurrently in 80% and 70% respectively. Supportive treatment without invasive procedures (except one chylothorax case) yielded complete recovery in 95% of cases, while only one case progressed to fulminant liver failure followed by death. CONCLUSION: Acute hepatitis A virus rarely presents with pleural effusion, usually following a benign course with spontaneous resolution in most patients. Pleural effusion does not change the prognosis or require any invasive treatment. Thus, further invasive procedures are not recommended and would only complicate this self-resolving benign condition. BioMed Central 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9178849/ /pubmed/35676712 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-022-03449-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Case Report
Zalloum, Jihad Samer
Alzughayyar, Tareq Z.
Abunejma, Fawzy M.
Mayadma, Ibba
Tomeh, Layan Ziad
Abulaila, Karim Jamal
Yagmour, Asil Husam
Faris, Khalid Jamal
Aramin, Mohammed A. S.
Mesk, Mo’min Ra’id
Hasani, Asala Khalil
Shawer, Balqis Mustafa
Titi, Rawand Hisham
Aljuba, Ayat A. Z.
Alzeerelhouseini, Hussam I. A.
Zatari, Yousef I. M.
Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title_full Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title_fullStr Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title_short Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the literature
title_sort acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis a virus: a case report and review of the literature
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9178849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35676712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-022-03449-w
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