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Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers

Research on crop sexuality is important for establishing systems for germplasm innovation and cultivating improved varieties. In this study, androecious persimmon trees were treated with various concentrations of ethrel (100, 500, and 1,000 mg/L) and zeatin (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) to investigate the mor...

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Autores principales: Wang, Liyuan, Li, Huawei, Suo, Yujing, Han, Weijuan, Diao, Songfeng, Mai, Yini, Wang, Yiru, Yuan, Jiaying, Ye, Lingshuai, Pu, Tingting, Zhang, Qi, Sun, Peng, Li, Fangdong, Fu, Jianmin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35693185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.876086
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author Wang, Liyuan
Li, Huawei
Suo, Yujing
Han, Weijuan
Diao, Songfeng
Mai, Yini
Wang, Yiru
Yuan, Jiaying
Ye, Lingshuai
Pu, Tingting
Zhang, Qi
Sun, Peng
Li, Fangdong
Fu, Jianmin
author_facet Wang, Liyuan
Li, Huawei
Suo, Yujing
Han, Weijuan
Diao, Songfeng
Mai, Yini
Wang, Yiru
Yuan, Jiaying
Ye, Lingshuai
Pu, Tingting
Zhang, Qi
Sun, Peng
Li, Fangdong
Fu, Jianmin
author_sort Wang, Liyuan
collection PubMed
description Research on crop sexuality is important for establishing systems for germplasm innovation and cultivating improved varieties. In this study, androecious persimmon trees were treated with various concentrations of ethrel (100, 500, and 1,000 mg/L) and zeatin (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) to investigate the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of persimmon. Ethrel at 1,000 mg/L and zeatin at 10 mg/L both significantly reduced the stamen length and pollen grain diameter in androecious trees. Ethrel treatment also led to reduced stamen development with degenerated cellular contents; zeatin treatment promoted the development of arrested pistils via maintaining relatively normal mitochondrial morphology. Both treatments altered carbohydrate, amino acid, and endogenous phytohormone contents, as well as genes associated with hormone production and floral organ development. Thereafter, we explored the combined effects of four chemicals, including ethrel and zeatin, as well as zebularine and 5-azacytidine, both of which are DNA methylation inhibitors, on androecious persimmon flower development. Morphological comparisons showed that stamen length, pollen viability, and pollen grain diameter were significantly inhibited after combined treatment. Large numbers of genes involving in carbohydrate metabolic, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and ribosome pathways, and metabolites including uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cyclamic acid were identified in response to the treatment, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. An association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that ribosomal genes have distinct effects on UMP and cyclamic acid metabolites, explaining how male floral buds of androecious persimmon trees respond to these exogenous chemicals. These findings extend the knowledge concerning sexual differentiation in persimmon; they also provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding, high-yield cultivation, and quality improvement in persimmon.
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spelling pubmed-91791762022-06-10 Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers Wang, Liyuan Li, Huawei Suo, Yujing Han, Weijuan Diao, Songfeng Mai, Yini Wang, Yiru Yuan, Jiaying Ye, Lingshuai Pu, Tingting Zhang, Qi Sun, Peng Li, Fangdong Fu, Jianmin Front Plant Sci Plant Science Research on crop sexuality is important for establishing systems for germplasm innovation and cultivating improved varieties. In this study, androecious persimmon trees were treated with various concentrations of ethrel (100, 500, and 1,000 mg/L) and zeatin (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) to investigate the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of persimmon. Ethrel at 1,000 mg/L and zeatin at 10 mg/L both significantly reduced the stamen length and pollen grain diameter in androecious trees. Ethrel treatment also led to reduced stamen development with degenerated cellular contents; zeatin treatment promoted the development of arrested pistils via maintaining relatively normal mitochondrial morphology. Both treatments altered carbohydrate, amino acid, and endogenous phytohormone contents, as well as genes associated with hormone production and floral organ development. Thereafter, we explored the combined effects of four chemicals, including ethrel and zeatin, as well as zebularine and 5-azacytidine, both of which are DNA methylation inhibitors, on androecious persimmon flower development. Morphological comparisons showed that stamen length, pollen viability, and pollen grain diameter were significantly inhibited after combined treatment. Large numbers of genes involving in carbohydrate metabolic, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and ribosome pathways, and metabolites including uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cyclamic acid were identified in response to the treatment, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. An association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that ribosomal genes have distinct effects on UMP and cyclamic acid metabolites, explaining how male floral buds of androecious persimmon trees respond to these exogenous chemicals. These findings extend the knowledge concerning sexual differentiation in persimmon; they also provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding, high-yield cultivation, and quality improvement in persimmon. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9179176/ /pubmed/35693185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.876086 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wang, Li, Suo, Han, Diao, Mai, Wang, Yuan, Ye, Pu, Zhang, Sun, Li and Fu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Wang, Liyuan
Li, Huawei
Suo, Yujing
Han, Weijuan
Diao, Songfeng
Mai, Yini
Wang, Yiru
Yuan, Jiaying
Ye, Lingshuai
Pu, Tingting
Zhang, Qi
Sun, Peng
Li, Fangdong
Fu, Jianmin
Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title_full Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title_fullStr Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title_short Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers
title_sort effects of different chemicals on sexual regulation in persimmon (diospyros kaki thunb.) flowers
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35693185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.876086
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