Analysis of Atmospheric CO(2) and CO at Akedala Atmospheric Background Observation Station, a Regional Station in Northwestern China

Air samples were collected by flasks and analyzed via a Picarro G2401 gas analyzer for carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and carbon monoxide (CO) at the Akedala Atmospheric Background Station in Xinjiang, China, from September 2009 to December 2019, to analyze the changes in the characteristics of atmospheric CO(2) and CO and determine the sources. The results show that the annual average CO(2) concentration showed an increasing trend (growth rate: 1.90 ppm year(−1)), ranging from 389.80 to 410.43 ppm, and the annual average CO concentration also showed an increasing trend (growth rate: 1.78 ppb year(−1)), ranging from 136.30 to 189.82 ppb. The CO(2) concentration and growth rate were the highest in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. The CO concentration and growth rate were also the highest in winter due to anthropogenic emissions, ecosystem effects, and diffusion conditions. The main trajectories of CO(2) and CO determined by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were parallel to the Irtysh River valley and then passed through the Old Wind Pass. Furthermore, the main source regions of CO(2) and CO at the Akedala Station were eastern Kazakhstan, southern Russia, western Mongolia, and the Xinjiang Tianshan North Slope Economic Zone of China. This study reflects the characteristics of long-term changes in CO(2) and CO concentrations at the Akedala station and provides fundamental data for the studies on environmental changes and climate change in Central Asia.