The Progression of N6-methyladenosine Study and Its Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Epitranscriptomic modifications can affect every aspect of RNA biology, including stability, transport, splicing, and translation, participate in global intracellular mRNA metabolism, and regulate gene expression and a variety of biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as the most prevalent modification contributes to normal embryonic brain development and memory formation. However, changes in the level of m6A modification and the expression of its related proteins cause abnormal nervous system functions, including brain tissue development retardation, axon regeneration disorders, memory changes, and neural stem cell renewal and differentiation disorders. Recent studies have revealed that m6A modification and its related proteins play key roles in the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we summarize the research progresses of the m6A modification regulation mechanism in the central nervous system and discuss the effects of gene expression regulation mediated by m6A modification on the biological functions of the neuropsychiatric disorders, thereby providing some insight into new research targets and treatment directions for human diseases.