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Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental pollution and the living conditions of indigenous Ecuadorians on the transmission of enteroparasites in an Andean agricultural area located at high altitude. Environmental pollution was recorded after observation in each commun...

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Autores principales: González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina, Robalino-Flores, Ximena, De la Torre, Eliana, Parra-Mayorga, Paúl, Prato, José Gregorio, Trelis, María, Fuentes, Màrius Vicent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9180715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35682484
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116901
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author González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina
Robalino-Flores, Ximena
De la Torre, Eliana
Parra-Mayorga, Paúl
Prato, José Gregorio
Trelis, María
Fuentes, Màrius Vicent
author_facet González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina
Robalino-Flores, Ximena
De la Torre, Eliana
Parra-Mayorga, Paúl
Prato, José Gregorio
Trelis, María
Fuentes, Màrius Vicent
author_sort González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental pollution and the living conditions of indigenous Ecuadorians on the transmission of enteroparasites in an Andean agricultural area located at high altitude. Environmental pollution was recorded after observation in each community. The parasites were identified by microscopic sediment analysis using physiological saline solution from macerated arthropods, washed vegetables, and human stools, utilizing four coproparasitological techniques (direct examination, Kato–Katz, ether concentration, and Ziehl–Neelsen). The results show that the inadequate disposal of human and animal excreta that contaminate soil and water, incorrect food hygiene, inadequate sanitary infrastructure in houses, a lack of animal veterinary care, and rodent proliferation are important reservoirs of zoonotic parasites. The use of excrement as fertilizer increases the number of flies, which act as mechanical vectors, and vegetables grown in areas with disperse infective parasitic forms act as vehicles that are marketed at the local, regional, and international levels. These analyses verify contamination levels of 52.7% in mechanical vectors, 70.6% in vegetables, and 98.2% in human stools. The agricultural communities analyzed maintained poor hygienic–sanitary and environmental conditions, which had a significant influence on the transmission of enteroparasites that affect human health.
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spelling pubmed-91807152022-06-10 Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina Robalino-Flores, Ximena De la Torre, Eliana Parra-Mayorga, Paúl Prato, José Gregorio Trelis, María Fuentes, Màrius Vicent Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental pollution and the living conditions of indigenous Ecuadorians on the transmission of enteroparasites in an Andean agricultural area located at high altitude. Environmental pollution was recorded after observation in each community. The parasites were identified by microscopic sediment analysis using physiological saline solution from macerated arthropods, washed vegetables, and human stools, utilizing four coproparasitological techniques (direct examination, Kato–Katz, ether concentration, and Ziehl–Neelsen). The results show that the inadequate disposal of human and animal excreta that contaminate soil and water, incorrect food hygiene, inadequate sanitary infrastructure in houses, a lack of animal veterinary care, and rodent proliferation are important reservoirs of zoonotic parasites. The use of excrement as fertilizer increases the number of flies, which act as mechanical vectors, and vegetables grown in areas with disperse infective parasitic forms act as vehicles that are marketed at the local, regional, and international levels. These analyses verify contamination levels of 52.7% in mechanical vectors, 70.6% in vegetables, and 98.2% in human stools. The agricultural communities analyzed maintained poor hygienic–sanitary and environmental conditions, which had a significant influence on the transmission of enteroparasites that affect human health. MDPI 2022-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9180715/ /pubmed/35682484 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116901 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
González-Ramírez, Luisa Carolina
Robalino-Flores, Ximena
De la Torre, Eliana
Parra-Mayorga, Paúl
Prato, José Gregorio
Trelis, María
Fuentes, Màrius Vicent
Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title_full Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title_fullStr Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title_short Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
title_sort influence of environmental pollution and living conditions on parasite transmission among indigenous ecuadorians
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9180715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35682484
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116901
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