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A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate
Sallow and/or dull skin appearance is greatly attributable to the yellow components of skin tone. Bilirubin is a yellow chromophore known to be made in the liver and/or spleen and is transported throughout the body via the blood stream. Recent publications suggest bilirubin may be synthesized in oth...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9180758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35682565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115884 |
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author | Fang, Bin Card, Patrick D. Chen, Junjun Li, Lijuan Laughlin, Timothy Jarrold, Bradley Zhao, Wenzhu Benham, Adam M. Määttä, Arto T. Hawkins, Timothy J. Hakozaki, Tomohiro |
author_facet | Fang, Bin Card, Patrick D. Chen, Junjun Li, Lijuan Laughlin, Timothy Jarrold, Bradley Zhao, Wenzhu Benham, Adam M. Määttä, Arto T. Hawkins, Timothy J. Hakozaki, Tomohiro |
author_sort | Fang, Bin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sallow and/or dull skin appearance is greatly attributable to the yellow components of skin tone. Bilirubin is a yellow chromophore known to be made in the liver and/or spleen and is transported throughout the body via the blood stream. Recent publications suggest bilirubin may be synthesized in other cells/organs, including the skin. We found human keratinocytes express the transcripts involved in bilirubin biosynthesis. In parallel, we also found human keratinocytes could indeed synthesize bilirubin in monolayer keratinocytes and in a 3D human skin-equivalent model. The synthesized amount was substantial enough to contribute to skin yellowness. In addition, oxidative stress enhanced bilirubin production. Using UnaG, a protein that forms a fluorescent species upon binding to bilirubin, we also visualized the intracellular expression of bilirubin in keratinocytes. Finally, we screened a compound library and discovered that the sucrose laurate/dilaurate (SDL) combination significantly reduced bilirubin levels, as well as bilirubin-mediated yellowness. In conclusion, bilirubin is indeed synthesized in epidermal keratinocytes and can be upregulated by oxidative stress, which could contribute to chronic or transient yellow skin tone appearance. Application of SDL diminishes bilirubin generation and may be a potential solution to mitigate yellowish and/or dull skin appearance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9180758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91807582022-06-10 A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate Fang, Bin Card, Patrick D. Chen, Junjun Li, Lijuan Laughlin, Timothy Jarrold, Bradley Zhao, Wenzhu Benham, Adam M. Määttä, Arto T. Hawkins, Timothy J. Hakozaki, Tomohiro Int J Mol Sci Article Sallow and/or dull skin appearance is greatly attributable to the yellow components of skin tone. Bilirubin is a yellow chromophore known to be made in the liver and/or spleen and is transported throughout the body via the blood stream. Recent publications suggest bilirubin may be synthesized in other cells/organs, including the skin. We found human keratinocytes express the transcripts involved in bilirubin biosynthesis. In parallel, we also found human keratinocytes could indeed synthesize bilirubin in monolayer keratinocytes and in a 3D human skin-equivalent model. The synthesized amount was substantial enough to contribute to skin yellowness. In addition, oxidative stress enhanced bilirubin production. Using UnaG, a protein that forms a fluorescent species upon binding to bilirubin, we also visualized the intracellular expression of bilirubin in keratinocytes. Finally, we screened a compound library and discovered that the sucrose laurate/dilaurate (SDL) combination significantly reduced bilirubin levels, as well as bilirubin-mediated yellowness. In conclusion, bilirubin is indeed synthesized in epidermal keratinocytes and can be upregulated by oxidative stress, which could contribute to chronic or transient yellow skin tone appearance. Application of SDL diminishes bilirubin generation and may be a potential solution to mitigate yellowish and/or dull skin appearance. MDPI 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9180758/ /pubmed/35682565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115884 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fang, Bin Card, Patrick D. Chen, Junjun Li, Lijuan Laughlin, Timothy Jarrold, Bradley Zhao, Wenzhu Benham, Adam M. Määttä, Arto T. Hawkins, Timothy J. Hakozaki, Tomohiro A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title | A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title_full | A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title_fullStr | A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title_full_unstemmed | A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title_short | A Potential Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Bilirubin in Human Skin Yellowness and Its Amelioration by Sucrose Laurate/Dilaurate |
title_sort | potential role of keratinocyte-derived bilirubin in human skin yellowness and its amelioration by sucrose laurate/dilaurate |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9180758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35682565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115884 |
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