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Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model

UV-induced oligomerisation of squalene was undertaken to indicate the potential for squalene-containing biological systems to exhibit rheology changes. DOSY NMR enabled the determination of the molecular weight (MW) range using Stokes–Einstein Gierer–Wirtz Estimation (SEGWE Calculator, University of...

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Autores principales: Zecchini, Matteo, Lucas, Robert A., Robertson, Cameron, Coban, Tomris, Thatti, Ravtej, Le Gresley, Adam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113481
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author Zecchini, Matteo
Lucas, Robert A.
Robertson, Cameron
Coban, Tomris
Thatti, Ravtej
Le Gresley, Adam
author_facet Zecchini, Matteo
Lucas, Robert A.
Robertson, Cameron
Coban, Tomris
Thatti, Ravtej
Le Gresley, Adam
author_sort Zecchini, Matteo
collection PubMed
description UV-induced oligomerisation of squalene was undertaken to indicate the potential for squalene-containing biological systems to exhibit rheology changes. DOSY NMR enabled the determination of the molecular weight (MW) range using Stokes–Einstein Gierer–Wirtz Estimation (SEGWE Calculator, University of Manchester). This approach was validated by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (ASAP TOF MS). To demonstrate the principle, both benzoyl peroxide and AIBN were used, separately, to initiate rapid, radical oligomerisation. Subsequent experiments in the absence of initiators compared the influence of UV wavelength and time on the resulting oligomer formation. To further model a relevant biological implication of this potentially chaotic UV oligomerisation, both saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids were added to squalene and exposed to UV at 285 nm and 300 nm to determine if cross oligomerisation could be observed. This representation of sebum evidenced the formation of a distribution of higher MW oligomers. Internal viscosity was normalised using the DMSO solvent, but to confirm that changes in rheology did not affect diffusion, a final experiment where fresh squalene was added to our oligomer mixture, representative of sebum, showed that unchanged squalene possessed the anticipated monomeric diffusion coefficient and hence MW. This work suggests, at least qualitatively, that UV-induced squalene oligomerisation can occur over time and that this may have a role in the behaviour of squalene on the skin.
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spelling pubmed-91821052022-06-10 Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model Zecchini, Matteo Lucas, Robert A. Robertson, Cameron Coban, Tomris Thatti, Ravtej Le Gresley, Adam Molecules Article UV-induced oligomerisation of squalene was undertaken to indicate the potential for squalene-containing biological systems to exhibit rheology changes. DOSY NMR enabled the determination of the molecular weight (MW) range using Stokes–Einstein Gierer–Wirtz Estimation (SEGWE Calculator, University of Manchester). This approach was validated by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (ASAP TOF MS). To demonstrate the principle, both benzoyl peroxide and AIBN were used, separately, to initiate rapid, radical oligomerisation. Subsequent experiments in the absence of initiators compared the influence of UV wavelength and time on the resulting oligomer formation. To further model a relevant biological implication of this potentially chaotic UV oligomerisation, both saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids were added to squalene and exposed to UV at 285 nm and 300 nm to determine if cross oligomerisation could be observed. This representation of sebum evidenced the formation of a distribution of higher MW oligomers. Internal viscosity was normalised using the DMSO solvent, but to confirm that changes in rheology did not affect diffusion, a final experiment where fresh squalene was added to our oligomer mixture, representative of sebum, showed that unchanged squalene possessed the anticipated monomeric diffusion coefficient and hence MW. This work suggests, at least qualitatively, that UV-induced squalene oligomerisation can occur over time and that this may have a role in the behaviour of squalene on the skin. MDPI 2022-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9182105/ /pubmed/35684418 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113481 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zecchini, Matteo
Lucas, Robert A.
Robertson, Cameron
Coban, Tomris
Thatti, Ravtej
Le Gresley, Adam
Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title_full Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title_fullStr Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title_short Investigation of the Formation of Squalene Oligomers Exposed to Ultraviolet Light and Changes in the Exposed Squalene as a Potential Skin Model
title_sort investigation of the formation of squalene oligomers exposed to ultraviolet light and changes in the exposed squalene as a potential skin model
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113481
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