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An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer
The development of geopolymers is in line with the requirements of sustainable development. Creating a new type of material from various industrial and bio-based wastes and by-products can lead to reduced energy consumption, reduced waste generation, reduced global CO(2) emissions, as well as reduce...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182343/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113936 |
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author | Kozub, Barbara Castro-Gomes, João |
author_facet | Kozub, Barbara Castro-Gomes, João |
author_sort | Kozub, Barbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | The development of geopolymers is in line with the requirements of sustainable development. Creating a new type of material from various industrial and bio-based wastes and by-products can lead to reduced energy consumption, reduced waste generation, reduced global CO(2) emissions, as well as reduced resource extraction of natural resources. In this study, geopolymer composites based on class F fly ash with the addition of fine quartz sand and ground walnut shells used as a substitute for sand were examined. The study focused on investigating the effects of different weight percentages of ground walnut shells and quartz sand on the density and strength properties, including compressive and flexural strength, thermal conductivity, efflorescence formation, and water absorption of the fly ash-based geopolymer composites. The microstructure of the studied geopolymers was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the addition of ground walnut shells contributes to the decrease in density and mechanical properties, increase in absorption properties, and decrease in porosity of fly ash-based geopolymers. Furthermore, the addition of ground walnut shells allows for a significant reduction in efflorescence on the surface of the tested geopolymer composites. Moreover, partial or complete replacement of sand by ground walnut shells in geopolymer composites based on fly ash allows for a significant reduction in their thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to use these composites as insulation materials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9182343 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91823432022-06-10 An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Kozub, Barbara Castro-Gomes, João Materials (Basel) Article The development of geopolymers is in line with the requirements of sustainable development. Creating a new type of material from various industrial and bio-based wastes and by-products can lead to reduced energy consumption, reduced waste generation, reduced global CO(2) emissions, as well as reduced resource extraction of natural resources. In this study, geopolymer composites based on class F fly ash with the addition of fine quartz sand and ground walnut shells used as a substitute for sand were examined. The study focused on investigating the effects of different weight percentages of ground walnut shells and quartz sand on the density and strength properties, including compressive and flexural strength, thermal conductivity, efflorescence formation, and water absorption of the fly ash-based geopolymer composites. The microstructure of the studied geopolymers was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the addition of ground walnut shells contributes to the decrease in density and mechanical properties, increase in absorption properties, and decrease in porosity of fly ash-based geopolymers. Furthermore, the addition of ground walnut shells allows for a significant reduction in efflorescence on the surface of the tested geopolymer composites. Moreover, partial or complete replacement of sand by ground walnut shells in geopolymer composites based on fly ash allows for a significant reduction in their thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to use these composites as insulation materials. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9182343/ /pubmed/35683232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113936 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kozub, Barbara Castro-Gomes, João An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title | An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title_full | An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title_fullStr | An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title_full_unstemmed | An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title_short | An Investigation of the Ground Walnut Shells’ Addition Effect on the Properties of the Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer |
title_sort | investigation of the ground walnut shells’ addition effect on the properties of the fly ash-based geopolymer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182343/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113936 |
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