Cargando…

Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides

Magnetic separation of microalgae using magnetite is a promising harvesting method as it is fast, reliable, low cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of three green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, and Auxenochlorella protothe...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gerulová, Kristína, Kucmanová, Alexandra, Sanny, Zuzana, Garaiová, Zuzana, Seiler, Eugen, Čaplovičová, Mária, Čaplovič, Ľubomír, Palcut, Marián
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111786
_version_ 1784724018810585088
author Gerulová, Kristína
Kucmanová, Alexandra
Sanny, Zuzana
Garaiová, Zuzana
Seiler, Eugen
Čaplovičová, Mária
Čaplovič, Ľubomír
Palcut, Marián
author_facet Gerulová, Kristína
Kucmanová, Alexandra
Sanny, Zuzana
Garaiová, Zuzana
Seiler, Eugen
Čaplovičová, Mária
Čaplovič, Ľubomír
Palcut, Marián
author_sort Gerulová, Kristína
collection PubMed
description Magnetic separation of microalgae using magnetite is a promising harvesting method as it is fast, reliable, low cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of three green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides) and one cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) has been studied. The biomass was flushed with clean air using a 0.22 μm filter and fed CO(2) for accelerated growth and faster reach of the exponential growth phase. The microalgae were harvested with magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) cations in ammonia at room temperature. Subsequently, the prepared Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and zeta potential measurements. The prepared nanomaterials were used for magnetic harvesting of microalgae. The highest harvesting efficiencies were found for PEI-coated Fe(3)O(4). The efficiency was pH-dependent. Higher harvesting efficiencies, up to 99%, were obtained in acidic solutions. The results show that magnetic harvesting can be significantly enhanced by PEI coating, as it increases the positive electrical charge of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the flocculants can be prepared at room temperature, thereby reducing the production costs.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9182367
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91823672022-06-10 Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides Gerulová, Kristína Kucmanová, Alexandra Sanny, Zuzana Garaiová, Zuzana Seiler, Eugen Čaplovičová, Mária Čaplovič, Ľubomír Palcut, Marián Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Magnetic separation of microalgae using magnetite is a promising harvesting method as it is fast, reliable, low cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of three green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides) and one cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) has been studied. The biomass was flushed with clean air using a 0.22 μm filter and fed CO(2) for accelerated growth and faster reach of the exponential growth phase. The microalgae were harvested with magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) cations in ammonia at room temperature. Subsequently, the prepared Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and zeta potential measurements. The prepared nanomaterials were used for magnetic harvesting of microalgae. The highest harvesting efficiencies were found for PEI-coated Fe(3)O(4). The efficiency was pH-dependent. Higher harvesting efficiencies, up to 99%, were obtained in acidic solutions. The results show that magnetic harvesting can be significantly enhanced by PEI coating, as it increases the positive electrical charge of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the flocculants can be prepared at room temperature, thereby reducing the production costs. MDPI 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9182367/ /pubmed/35683642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111786 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gerulová, Kristína
Kucmanová, Alexandra
Sanny, Zuzana
Garaiová, Zuzana
Seiler, Eugen
Čaplovičová, Mária
Čaplovič, Ľubomír
Palcut, Marián
Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title_full Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title_fullStr Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title_full_unstemmed Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title_short Fe(3)O(4)-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides
title_sort fe(3)o(4)-pei nanocomposites for magnetic harvesting of chlorella vulgaris, chlorella ellipsoidea, microcystis aeruginosa, and auxenochlorella protothecoides
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111786
work_keys_str_mv AT gerulovakristina fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT kucmanovaalexandra fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT sannyzuzana fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT garaiovazuzana fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT seilereugen fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT caplovicovamaria fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT caploviclubomir fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides
AT palcutmarian fe3o4peinanocompositesformagneticharvestingofchlorellavulgarischlorellaellipsoideamicrocystisaeruginosaandauxenochlorellaprotothecoides