Electrochemical Reduction of La(2)O(3), Nd(2)O(3), and CeO(2) in LiCl-Li(2)O Melt

The reduction of pellets composed of individual CeO(2), Nd(2)O(3) and a La(2)O(3)-Nd(2)O(3)-CeO(2) mixture by lithium extracted on a cathode during lithium chloride electrolysis at 650 °C was studied. The methods of cyclic voltammetry, electron microscopy, including determination of the elemental composition of the studied objects, and X-ray diffraction analysis were applied for the present study. The reduction degree of rare-earth metal (REM) oxides was determined using both the bromine method and reduction melting of the samples in the graphite crucible. The formation of the metallic phase composed of the rare-earth elements (REEs) was not observed even at the cathode potentials, corresponding to the formation of the liquid alkali metal phase, and lithium extraction, which, in the quantitative ratio, exceeds greatly the values needed for the reduction reaction. CeO(2) was found to reduce to Ce(2)O(3).